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Running News Daily is edited by Bob Anderson.  Send your news items to bob@mybestruns.com Advertising opportunities available.  Train the Kenyan Way at KATA Kenya. (Kenyan Athletics Training Academy) in Thika Kenya and KATA Portugal at Anderson Manor Retreat in central portugal.   Learn more about Bob Anderson, MBR publisher and KATA director/owner, go to A Long Run the movie covering Bob's 50 race challenge.  

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Articles tagged #Treadmill
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Pushing the Limits: Sophie Power Sets a New Women’s 48-Hour Treadmill World Record

The treadmill, often seen as a monotonous exercise machine, became a stage for human endurance and determination when ultrarunner and campaigner Sophie Power set a remarkable new world record. At this year's National Running Show, Sophie achieved the seemingly impossible, running 370.9 kilometers (230.5 miles) on a treadmill in 48 hours non-stop. This astonishing feat earned her the women's 48-hour treadmill world record, inspiring countless others to challenge their limits.

Sophie, a mother and well-known advocate for women in sports, approached the challenge with her characteristic determination and grit. She demonstrated not just physical endurance but also mental resilience, as running continuously on a treadmill for two days tests the mind as much as the body. "The treadmill is a space where you can push your boundaries, where it's just you and your willpower," Sophie shared after her record-breaking performance.

Her journey to this achievement wasn't without its difficulties. Sophie balanced a strict training regimen with her personal and professional commitments. As an ultrarunner, she is no stranger to grueling physical challenges, having previously competed in some of the toughest endurance races worldwide. But the treadmill, an environment devoid of changing scenery and external stimuli, posed a unique and formidable challenge.

The National Running Show provided the perfect backdrop for Sophie's attempt, with spectators and supporters cheering her on through every step of her journey. The energy from the crowd fueled her determination, proving the power of community and encouragement in achieving seemingly insurmountable goals.

Sophie's record stands as a testament to human capability and the idea that limits exist only in the mind. By running over 370 kilometers in two days, she not only set a new benchmark in the world of ultrarunning but also inspired countless others to embrace challenges, however daunting they may seem.

Her accomplishment reminds us all that with determination, preparation, and resilience, we can achieve extraordinary things even on a treadmill.

 

(01/28/2025) Views: 216 ⚡AMP
by Boris Baron
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230 miles in 48 hours! Maybe I have run that many miles over three weeks when I was much younger. An amazing number of miles. 1/31 7:03 am


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5 Reasons to run outside all winter—and get stronger, tougher, faster, healthier and happier

In the winter of 1939, when the military posted Swedish miler Gundar Hagg to the far north of that nordic country, he devised a unique training program of running on trails through knee- or hip-deep snow. Most days he would do 2500 meters in snow for strength, followed by 2500 meters on a cleared road for turn-over. But during those times when he couldn’t find cleared roads—sometimes for weeks—he’d run up to the full 5-kilometers in snow. The next summer he set huge PRs, coming within one second of the mile world record.

Hagg continued his routine in subsequent winters, devising a hilly 5K loop in a different locale that trudged through snowy forest for 3000 meters then ended with a 2000 meter stretch of road where he could run at full speed. He kept improving, and the summer of 1942 he set 10 world records between the 1500 and 5,000 meters.

While Hagg’s routine was created out of necessity, he obviously valued the snowy training. When he moved to a city with a milder climate, he wrote in a training journal, “It will be harder running than any previous year. Probably there won’t be much snow.” And every winter he scheduled trips north to train on the familiar, tough, snowy trails.

Hagg isn’t the only runner who has found winter training valuable. Roger Robinson, who raced internationally for England and New Zealand in the 1960s before setting masters road records in the ‘80s, recalls his training for the deep-winter English cross country championships of the 1950’s and 60s. “We ran, often at race pace, over snow, mud, puddles, deep leaves, ploughed fields, scratchy stubble, stumpy grass, sticky clay, sheep-poo, whatever, uphill and down,” Robinson says. “And thus, without going near a gym or a machine, we developed strength, spring, flexibility, and stride versatility that also paid off later on the road or track; I made one of my biggest track breakthroughs after a winter spent running long intervals on a terrain of steep hills and soft shifting sand.”

Robinson, now 85, with two artificial knees, still runs in the cold and slop. “Running is still in great part about feeling the surfaces and shape of the earth under my feet,” he says.

Hagg and Robinson are of a different generation than those of us with web-connected treadmills that can let us run any course on earth from the comfort of our basement, but they’re on to something we might still benefit from: winter can be an effective training tool. Here are five reasons you’ll want to bundle up and head out regardless of the conditions, indeed, why you can delight when it is particularly nasty out.

1) Winter Running Makes You Strong

As Hagg demonstrated and Robinson points out, winter conditions work muscles and tendons you’d never recruit on the smooth, dry path. A deep-winter run often ends up being as diverse as a set of form and flexibility drills: high knees, bounds, skips, side-lunges, one-leg balancing.

Bill Aris, coach of the perennially-successful Fayetteville-Manlius high school programs, believes that tough winter conditions are ideal for off-season training that has the goal of building aerobic and muscular strength. He sends the kids out every day during the upstate New York winter, and says they come back, “sweating, exhausted and smiling, feeling like they have completely worked every system in their bodies.”

2) Winter Running Makes You Tough

No matter how much you know it is good for you and that you’ll be glad when you’re done, it takes gumption to bundle up, get out the door and face the wintry blast day after day. But besides getting physically stronger, you’re also building mental steel. When you’ve battled snow and slop, darkness and biting winds all winter, the challenges of distance, hills and speed will seem tame come spring.

3) Winter Running Improves Your Stride

Running on the same smooth, flat ground every day can lead to running ruts. Our neuromuscular patterns become calcified and the same muscles get used repeatedly. This makes running feel easier, but it also predisposes us to injury and prevents us from improving our stride as we get fitter or improve our strength and mobility. Introducing a variety of surfaces and uncertain footplants shakes up our stride, recruits different muscles in different movement patterns, and makes our stride more effective and robust as new patterns are discovered.

You can create this stride shake-up by hitting a technical trail. But as Megan Roche, physician, ultrarunning champion, clinical researcher at Stanford and Strava running coach, points out, “A lot of runners don’t have access to trails. Many runners are running on flat ground, roads—having snow and ice is actually helpful, makes it like a trail.”

In addition to creating variety, slippery winter conditions also encourage elements of an efficient, low-impact stride. “One thing running on snow or ice reinforces is a high turn over rate and a bit more mindfulness of where your feet are hitting the ground,” Roche says. “And those two things combine to a reduced injury risk.” After a winter of taking quicker, more balanced strides, those patterns will persist, and you’ll be a smoother, more durable runner when you start speeding up and going longer on clearer roads.

4) Winter Running Makes You Healthier

“Exercising in general, particularly during periods of higher cold or flu season has a protective effect in terms of the immune system,” says Roche. You get this benefit by getting your heart rate up and getting moving even indoors, but Roche says, “Getting outside is generally preferable—fresh air has its own positive effect.”

Cathy Fieseler, ultrarunner, sports physician, and chairman of the board of directors of the International Institute of Race Medicine (IIRM), says there’s not much scientific literature to prove it, but agrees that in her experience getting outside has health benefits. “In cold weather the furnace heat in the house dries up your throat and thickens the mucous in the sinuses,” Fieseler says. “The cold air clears this out; it really clears your head.”

Fieseler warns, however, that cold can trigger bronchospasms in those with asthma, and Roche suggests that when it gets really cold you wear a balaclava or scarf over your mouth to hold some heat in and keep your lungs warmer. “Anything below zero, you need to be dressed really well and mindful of your lungs, making sure that you’re not exposing your lungs to too cold for too long,” Roche says.

5) Winter Running Makes You Feel Better

For all its training and health benefits, the thing that will most likely get most of us out the door on white and windy days is that it makes us feel great. “A number of runners that I coach and that I see in clinics suffer from feeling more depressed or a little bit lower in winter,” says Roche. “Running is a great way to combat that. There’s something really freeing about getting out doors, feeling the fresh air and having that outdoor stress release.”

Research shows that getting outside is qualitatively different than exercising indoors. A 2011 systematic review of related studies concluded, “Compared with exercising indoors, exercising in natural environments was associated with greater feelings of revitalization and positive engagement, decreases in tension, confusion, anger, and depression, and increased energy.” They also found that “participants reported greater enjoyment and satisfaction with outdoor activity and declared a greater intent to repeat the activity at a later date.”

That “intent to repeat” is important. Running becomes easier and more enjoyable, the more you do it. “Consist running is really the most fun running,” Roche says. “It takes four weeks of consistency to really feel good. Your body just locks into it.”

Most people associate consistency with discipline, and setting goals and being accountable is an effective way to build a consistent habit. Strava data shows that people who set goals are much more consistent and persistent in their activities throughout the year. The desire to achieve a goal can help overcome that moment of inertia when we’re weighing current comfort with potential enjoyment.

But the best way to create long-term consistency is learning to love the run itself. Runners who make it a regular part of their life talk little about discipline and more about how much they appreciate the chance to escape and to experience the world on their run each day—even, perhaps especially, on the blustery, cold, sloppy ones.

(01/18/2025) Views: 186 ⚡AMP
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Here’s Why You Need a Training Plan Even if You’re Not Racing

This could be the key to making your running experience more enjoyable and productive. 

Before you step outside or onto a treadmill to log your first steps as a new (or returning-from-a-long-break) runner, you might want to consider a training plan, even if you’re not training for a race. Yet. 

One the one hand, er, foot, yes, all you need to do is take those first steps and you’re on your way to logging miles and feeling those famous-yet-elusive endorphins that fuel the runner’s high. On the other foot, a training plan provides guidance that can help make the experience more enjoyable and productive, says Hiruni Wijayaratne, a coach with My Olympic Coach, who holds 10 Sri Lankan national records across varying distances. 

“Following a training plan is very similar to following a recipe,” Wijayaratne says. “When you follow a plan, you can look back at the steps and the outcome, and go back and look at what went well or what went wrong along the way.” 

Guidance From the Experts

When you’re unsure where to begin—how long to run, whether you should do a combination of run/walk, what rest days should look like—a trusted plan will provide the first step. It’s important to find a training plan from a trusted source or coach. 

“Going with a basic plan is better than not having a plan at all,” says certified run coach Alethia (Mekela) Mongerie, the founder of Sole Legacy Coaching.

But don’t choose just any plan posted on the internet or what your cousin’s best friend who ran a marathon once says you should do. A major red flag in a training plan, Wijayaratne says, is that there is no variation. For example, it will tell a runner to run a 5K every other day, with no specificity or variety. 

She also warns against plans that have no dedicated rest days. “My number-one goal is to make sure my athlete is healthy,” she says. “If recovery is not in the plan, it’s immediately setting someone up to not succeed.” 

Mongerie cautions new runners to be wary of plans that have long speed workouts (for example, lots of fast repeats around the track) or if they require certain paces. Eventually runners will work up to these harder, more specific workouts, but there’s no need to start with them. 

Remove the Guesswork

A training plan written by running experts lets you focus on one thing: Getting out the door and on the move. (Okay, that’s two things.) 

A plan, Mongerie, says, gives runners guidance for when they should run, how much, and for beginners especially, how they should feel. 

When you don’t have to focus on anything other than the workout, you can run more relaxed, making the workout more productive. 

Plus, Mongerie says, having a plan can hold athletes accountable, especially helpful for when the mornings are dark and cold and wet. 

“The structure of a training schedule can give purpose to the athlete,” she says. “Something about knowing [the specifics of a workout] gives the athlete control over their fitness journey… which makes it more likely they’ll have a successful outcome.” 

Prevent Injury

If you’re not working with a coach, a structured training plan can be an effective way to help avoid injury, especially for novice runners, Mongerie says, noting the plan should meet the runner where they are in terms of mileage and fitness. For example, if someone is lacing up for the first time, a plan should not have them running 40-mile weeks. 

“The plan should prescribe mileage in a conservative manner, never increasing it by too much and allowing for recovery weeks,” Mongerie says. 

Another important aspect of sidestepping injury is strength and mobility work. A comprehensive training plan might include these, but runners may need to supplement on their own or work with a coach.

“Athletes need a strong and flexible body to run efficiently, which is a key to injury prevention,” Mongerie says. 

Set Yourself Up for Future Success

A training plan will help you lay the groundwork for a successful (and enjoyable!) running career. Even if you never decide to race, you can use the lessons learned for the miles ahead. 

“An athlete will become familiar with the proper terminology, the purpose of each training session, expected adaptations, and the benefits of recovery and injury prevention,” Mongerie says. 

As the plan progresses so will you, as a runner, and these early building blocks will help you run longer—and faster, if that’s your goal. 

Wijayaratne says that runners shouldn’t use the same plan over and over again; variables are the key to improving fitness. 

“Let’s zoom out,” she says. “If the training went well, that plan went well, we’re always looking at the next evolution and what that looks like.” 

In other words, a good training plan will help you hit your goal, and then you make the next goal a little bit more challenging—and your plan should reflect that. 

“If you do the same things or the principles of the same thing, you’re going to get the same outcome,” she says.

(01/13/2025) Views: 203 ⚡AMP
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Slovak runner shatters 7-day treadmill world record

Last Thursday, Serbian-Slovak ultra-runner Michal Šuľa began a week-long venture going nowhere. Seven days later, the 50-year-old successfully completed his attempt at the Guinness World Record for greatest distance covered on a treadmill in one week (pending verification), covering 912.22 km in 168 hours. Šuľa streamed his entire run live on YouTube.

With 17 hours to spare, Šuľa had already surpassed the Guinness World Record. “The Guinness record is behind us… 151 h, 846.52 km,” Šuľa announced on Facebook, where he posted regular updates of his progress. In his live stream, viewers could watch friends keep him company in the room and on the second treadmill. A white board was constantly refreshed hourly with the runner’s logged distance, and “sleep” was written when Šuľa stepped off the treadmill for periodic breaks.

The previous record of 843.94 km had been held by the U.K.’s Jamie McDonald since 2019. Šuľa’s run also surpasses the female seven-day treadmill world record of 846.16, held by New Zealand’s Emma Timmis since June 2024.

Šuľa took on the challenge at a physical therapy clinic, the Movement Institute, in Bratislava, Slovakia. The organization shared the runner’s entire journey on Instagram, YouTube and Facebook. “Michal is aiming even further–his goal is an incredible 1,060 km!” the Movement Institute wrote on Facebook. According to Šuľa, the official, non-Guinness seven-day world record stands at 1,056 km. He fell short of taking down this record in addition to the other two.

In early 2024, Šuľa became a two-time Slovakian champion; he won the 24-hour national championship in March in Nitra, Slovakia, logging 224 km, and climbed to the top of the podium again at the 100-km race in June in Šamorín, Slovakia. Šuľa clocked 7:34:22, winning by nearly an hour and a half.

According to recordholders.org, Šuľa also managed to break the 6-hour treadmill world record on Dec. 14, less than four weeks ago; he ran 85.89 km over the half-dozen hours. His performance exceeded the previous record of 53.05 km, run by Italy’s Luca Ricci in April 2024.

(01/11/2025) Views: 152 ⚡AMP
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Slovak runner shatters 7-day treadmill world record

Last Thursday, Serbian-Slovak ultra-runner Michal Šuľa began a week-long venture going nowhere. Six days later, the 50-year-old successfully completed his attempt at the Guinness world record for greatest distance covered on a treadmill in one week (pending verification), covering 846.52 km in 151 hours (six days and seven hours). Šuľa streamed his entire run live on YouTube–and as of Wednesday afternoon, he’s still running.

“The Guinness record is behind us… 151 h, 846.52 km,” Šuľa announced on Facebook, where he posted regular updates of his progress. In his live stream, viewers can watch friends keep him company in the room and on the second treadmill. A white board is constantly refreshed hourly with the runner’s logged distance, and “sleep” is written when Šuľa steps off the treadmill for periodic breaks.

The previous record of 843.94 km had been held by the U.K.’s Jamie McDonald since 2019. Šuľa’s run also surpasses the female seven-day treadmill world record of 846.16, held by New Zealand’s Emma Timmis since June 2024.

Šuľa took on the challenge at a physical therapy clinic, the Movement Institute, in Bratislava, Slovakia. The organization shared the runner’s entire journey on Instagram, YouTube and Facebook. “Michal is aiming even further–his goal is an incredible 1,060 km!” the Movement Institute wrote on Facebook. According to Šuľa, the official, non-Guinness seven-day world record stands at 1,056 km.

In early 2024, Šuľa became a two-time Slovakian champion; he won the 24-hour national championship in March in Nitra, Slovakia, logging 224 km, and climbed to the top of the podium again at the 100-km race in June in Šamorín, Slovakia. Šuľa clocked 7:34:22, winning by nearly an hour and a half.

According to recordholders.org, Šuľa also managed to break the 6-hour treadmill world record on Dec. 14, less than four weeks ago; he ran 85.89 km over the half-dozen hours. His performance exceeded the previous record of 53.05 km, run by Italy’s Luca Ricci in April 2024.

 

(01/09/2025) Views: 346 ⚡AMP
by Cameron Ormond
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Three track workouts to propel you into indoor season

The season of running in tiny circles is back; soon, we’ll be watching world class athletes racing around a 200m loop at their indoor season opener. Track is a fun, exciting sport–even in the winter–and there’s no reason why you need to be left out. If you’re looking to tune up your turnover and spice up your speedwork on the indoor track this year, here are three workouts to kickstart your track sessions.

Calculate your 800, 1,500m and 3,000m paces using this pace chart.

Reverse ladder

Set 1: 5 x 600m (at 3,000m pace) with 80 seconds rest. Set rest: 5 minutes

Set 2: 4 x 300m (at 1,500m pace) with 90 seconds rest. Set rest: 5 minutes

Set 3: 3 x 200m (at 800m pace) with 90 seconds rest.

Drop distance

Set 1: 3 x 800m (beginning at 3,000m pace) with 2 minutes rest. Set rest: 5 minutes.

Set 2: 400m, 300m, 200m with 90 seconds rest. Begin at a faster pace than the 800s, and speed up as the reps shorten. Set rest: 4 minutes.

Set 3: Same as set 2, slightly sped up, if possible.

400 repeats

Set 1: 10 x 400m with 60 seconds rest. Start at 3,000m pace and aim to speed up by a second every other rep. Set rest: 5 minutes.

Set 2: 2 x 200m with 60 seconds rest at 800m pace.

Warmup/cooldown

Follow your 10 to 15 minutes of warmup with some drills and strides on the track–to avoid injury, it’s important to make sure you warm up completely before hopping into your session, especially if you just returned from the winter weather. If your legs feel especially sore or lactic after your final set, conclude your workout with some light, form-focused strides to shake out them out. Cap off the session with a 10- to 15-minute cooldown.

Outdoor/treadmill alternatives

If you don’t have access to an indoor track or don’t feel like running in circles, you can use time and effort-based cues to modify the workout to suit outdoor or treadmill running. Use the pace chart to find out your goal running time for each interval, and aim for time during each rep, instead of distance. If running outside, make sure you find a clear path or road with lots of traction for the fast reps.

3,000m pace: steady, comfortable effort. You should feel relaxed enough to maintain brief conversations with your training partners.

1,500m pace: comfortably hard effort. Speaking is limited to one or two words at a time with training partners.

800m pace: hard, intense effort. Your breathing will be too labored to carry a conversation. (These reps are very short anyway–the chat with your running buddies can wait!)

(01/08/2025) Views: 223 ⚡AMP
by Cameron Ormond
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Jakob Ingebrigtsen shares tips on training indoors during winter

Olympic and world 5,000m champion Jakob Ingebrigtsen has been rewriting distance running records each year of his career. His unique and innovative training techniques, such as the double-threshold method and the strategic avoidance of long runs, have become pivotal components of his regimen. Surprisingly, another key element of his training is the treadmill. In a recent interview with Coros, Ingebrigtsen shared insights on how he maximizes indoor training during the winter.

For Ingebrigtsen, the treadmill isn’t just a winter fallback plan for when it’s too icy or snowy in his home of Sandnes, Norway—it’s a crucial training tool. The 24-year-old says he uses the treadmill extensively for his double threshold sessions, often completing the first workout of his day indoors.

“What I like about the treadmill is that it is far more controlled versus being outdoors,” Ingebrigtsen explains. “I can set a pace and forget it, without dealing with wind, corners, or other outdoor obstacles.”

Precision is key for the two-time Olympic champion, who uses the treadmill to hit specific efforts or paces for each of his runs. “On the treadmill, I can closely monitor my heart rate, lactate levels and pace,” he says. “Those three factors, combined with how I feel, guide me to ensure a successful session.”

How he stays motivated

Many runners, including myself, dread the monotony of treadmill training, but Ingebrigtsen finds motivation by approaching each treadmill run with a competitive mindset. “I look at each run as a competition, challenging myself to hit the splits and complete the workout within the parameters,” Ingebrigtsen says.

The Norwegian told Coros that his training schedule is planned “well in advance” to give him a clear idea of the work ahead: “I do everything the session requires, because I understand its importance in the long run,” he says. “Motivation isn’t an issue for me—I know it’s not supposed to be fun; it’s supposed to be productive.”

What treadmill training is perfect for

Winter in Norway can be unforgiving, much like in Canada, forcing many runners indoors. Ingebrigtsen says this time is perfect for building his base fitness with high-volume and threshold-focused training.

Ingebrigtsen’s meticulous indoor training allows him to measure his base-building progress precisely,” he says. “I monitor my heart rate, lactate, pace and overall feeling. These metrics let me know if my fitness is improving, and if I’m on track to meet my goals.”

After his 2023-2024 base season was disrupted by an Achilles scare, delaying his outdoor season, the Norwegian says he began his base-building (mileage) phase on the treadmill considerably later. As the weather warms up in Norway and his fitness improves, he’ll transition into his mid-season block, reducing his volume and increasing his speedwork to complement his base.

(01/08/2025) Views: 246 ⚡AMP
by Marley Dickinson
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Take the “You vs. The Year 2025” Running Challenge

This challenge can help you meet your fitness and running goals this year.Are you ready to take on 2025? If so, then lace up your running shoes, and let’s get started!

With the new year on the horizon, it’s a good time to set new running goals and a start following realistic plan to meet them. But we all know that New Year’s resolutions aren’t the way to go. They often create unrealistic pressure and guilt-ridden fear of failure. Also, let’s face it, most New Year’s resolutions are broken or forgotten before the end of January. But that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t be eager to achieve your fitness and running goals in 2025.

You vs the Year 2025

What else is there? Here’s a novel challenge that can keep you motivated all year long with built-in steps to success and unlimited opportunities to restart if your running fervor hits a roadblock and stalls out. It’s called You vs. The Year 2025, a challenge to run (or walk) 1,025 kilometers between January 1 and December 31. That’s roughly 637 miles or about 12 miles per week and 365 days of dedication to your fitness and your goals. (That might be a great place to start, but if you want a higher goal, you can make your own adaptation to the program and shoot for 2,025 KM or 1,025 miles or 2,025 miles—or any goal you choose.)To keep you motivated and celebrate your hard work, all participants who complete the challenge will be entered to win the ultimate race weekend package from Brooks, including a race entry stipend for you and a friend, a Brooks eGift card, and $2,000 to use toward travel and lodging.

You can log up to two runs or walks per day, and any kilometers from other challenges throughout the year will count toward your You vs.The Year 2025 total.

Let’s make 2025 your year—one kilometer at a time. Get started today and keep your momentum going all year long.RULESYou must complete 1,025 KM to complete the challenge 

Run, Walk, Hike, Indoor Run, and Treadmill workouts are eligible 

Workouts must be at least 5 minutes long 

A maximum of 2 workouts per day will count toward the challenge 

PRIZESParticipants who complete the challenge will earn an exclusive Challenge Completion Badge to showcase their achievement and be entered to win the ultimate race weekend package from Brooks, including a race entry stipend for you and a friend, a Brooks eGift card, and $2,000 to use toward travel and lodging.

(12/29/2024) Views: 166 ⚡AMP
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Don’t Wait for January, Start Training for Your 2025 Running Goals Now

What are your biggest running goals for 2025? Have you started training yet? Do you have a plan or a coach to guide you?

OK, I know, that’s a lot of questions as the year winds down, but now is the perfect time to find some answers.

We all get excited about chasing running and fitness objectives in the new year—running your first or next marathon, aiming for a new half-marathon PR, taking on the challenge of a rugged trail race, or simply just getting into the best shape of our lives—but too often we wait until New Year’s Day—or even sometime in the early springtime—to get started.Yep, I’ve been guilty of that, too, a few times! But this year, I started chasing my next-year running goals on November 1. My goals are diverse and personal—getting optimally fit for a 50K trail race in June, running a fast mile on the track in August, and running the Chicago Marathon for the fourth time in October, not to mention spending a summer of doing long adventure runs in the mountains. Starting early and adding structure now will make a big difference in how I’m able to achieve those goals. Yes, if you live in a climate where winter makes running more challenging like I do, it will take some additional effort and sacrifice to get started. But no matter where you live, the juice is worth the squeeze that it will take to get started sooner than later.

After a rough injury-filled year of running in 2024, I decided to put myself through a month-long training camp by focusing on honing core strength and low-key, consistent running during November. Now, with the guidance of a coach, I’ll get into a base-building phase in December with a slightly higher volume of mileage and

2. Don’t Make ResolutionsLook at the new year like a blank canvas or a book of blank pages that you get to fill with whatever you want to accomplish in 2025. Just don’t fall into the trap of making New Year’s resolutions, which typically fail by the third week in January. Instead, build a structured plan based on evolving periodization or have a coach develop a program specifically for you. My only advice is to not set the bar too low. No matter if your goal is to get fit and run your first or next 10K, marathon, or ultra-distance race, make your goals specific so you can adapt along the way. If you’re consistent with your training, there’s a good chance you’ll be able to surpass your initial goals as you develop a solid level of fitness. Believe in yourself, do the work, trust the process, and results will follow.3. Make Plans

To accomplish anything, you need to have a plan. That might start by signing up for a race or two, but that’s the easy part. Getting there and running well takes time and maybe some help. If your goal is to run your fastest marathon sometime next year, how are you going to do it? What training plan are you going to follow? Does it make sense to hire a coach? And does an online or an in-person coach better suit your needs? Who will you run with for your long runs or your hard workouts? Training alone and doing it without guidance can work for some people, but most runners benefit from all the help they can get.4. Be Consistent But Flexible

Mixing training with life is a difficult juggling act and always unpredictable. Even if you’ve meticulously planned your week and have anticipated some of the things that come up, unexpected challenges like work, family, friends, or weather can still disrupt your running routine and throw off your training flow. Being consistent requires a three-part approach in which you’re diligent, flexible, and reasonable. If a work meeting goes long and eliminates your lunchtime run, be prepared to log those miles in the evening. (Or better yet, if you’re able to run before work, you will not regret the early wake-up.)

If inclement weather makes it impossible to do your planned track workout, reconfigure your schedule and do it later in the week or modify your workout to do it on the roads or the treadmill, but don’t just give in and take a day off. Be relentless about your pursuit as much as is reasonably possible. Don’t knock yourself out—if you get sick, rest may be what you need. But prioritize running so you keep heading in the right direction. Here’s where a coach can help ensure you are getting the work in5. Get Stronger

If you want to chase new goals and up-level your running in 2025, you need to make sure your body is strong enough to hold up through the rigors of the miles you’re logging. Working on general and running-specific strength will help you run more efficiently for longer durations and also help reduce the chance of overuse injuries. No matter how fit we are, we gradually lose muscle mass and strength in our late 30s to early 40s. That doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll be getting leaner, but it probably means you’re getting weaker. I made it a point to do 30 minutes of strength work every other day in November. Plus, I added simple strength exercises on the other days and lap swimming two days per week when I could.6. Make Sure You’re Having Fun 

No matter if you’re a new runner or a sub-elite speedster, one of your top priorities should be making your running fun. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t be diligent about training, make necessary sacrifices, and be serious about the goals you’re chasing. It just means that you should enjoy the journey. Because afterall, what’s the point of any of this if it’s not fun? Keeping running fun could look like linking up with friends for early morning runs or hard workouts, joining a local running store or pub run group, planning a post-long run brunch with friends on a weekend morning, listening to your favorite podcasts while clocking easy miles, or going out of your way to discover off-the-beaten-path trails. Not only do those actions add intention to your running, but they also add camaraderie and accountability, too.

For me, the simple notion that I’m doing something for my short-term health (namely moving my body and clearing my mind) and long-term well-being (ideally offsetting long-term health issues from being sedentary) are inherently inspiring and motivating. And the more you get into it, you’ll find that7. Keep Going

Every year of dedication to consistent fitness is like a deposit into your future well-being that not only builds increased aerobic capacity and efficiency but also generates lifelong enthusiasm and long-term health. I was oblivious to that concept in my late 20s and early 30s when my attention span was mostly concerned with the here and now. But I’ve come to realize that my running journey has never been only about training for races on my calendar or what I’m doing in a particular season of a particular year—it’s tied to extending my physical, mental, and emotional longevity.

So, just because there’s a new year on the horizon and you’re all excited to reach specific goals in 2025, remember that you’re on a journey that doesn’t end at the finish line of a goal race or after a certain amount of time. Approach the new year as an investment in your wellness that will (hopefully) extend through the next several decades of your life.

(12/14/2024) Views: 170 ⚡AMP
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Three workouts from record-breaking trail runner and coach David Roche

David Roche is no stranger to running greatness. As a record-breaking trail runner and sought-after coach, Roche has helped countless athletes reach new heights with his balanced, science-backed approach to training. We have some of his favourite workouts to share with you.

In August, Roche broke a long-standing record at Leadville 100 (in his 100-mile debut) and followed that with a winning performance at Javelina Jundred; despite it being a scorching hot day, Roche ran the second-fastest time ever on the course. His philosophy? Workouts should build fitness while keeping runners healthy and motivated. Here are three of his favourite sessions that deliver big results without overcomplicating your routine. For each workout, add a 10 (or more)-minute easy running warmup; follow the intervals with a 10 (or more)-minute cooldown.

1.- 16 x 1 minute fast, 1 minute easy

This workout is Roche’s year-round staple for developing speed and efficiency. The fast segments are run at your velocity at VO2 max (vVO2)—a controlled but challenging pace. Early in the training season, Roche suggests keeping the recovery portions of the run very easy, they can evolve into a quicker “float” as your fitness improves.

What it’s good for: Speed, efficiency and adaptability. Roche loves its versatility, noting it’s an ideal way to boost your running economy at any fitness level.

2.- 5-minute uphill intervals (treadmill)

Perfect for winter or when you want to reduce impact, this treadmill hill session is a powerhouse for building aerobic capacity. Start with 4 x 5 minutes at a moderate effort, with 1-2 minutes of easy recovery, on a 10 per cent incline (adjust between 4 per cent and 15 per cent based on comfort). More advanced runners can increase to 8-12 intervals.

What it’s good for: Aerobic development and strengthening muscles without overloading joints. Roche calls it a low-impact way to tackle big fitness gains.

3.- 5 x 3-minute hill repeats + tempo run

For aerobic power, Roche swears by hill repeats on gentle inclines. Run uphill for 3 minutes at a hard but sustainable effort, recover with an easy jog back down, and follow it up with a few miles of steady tempo running.

What it’s good for: Builds aerobic power and transitioning strength gains into endurance. Roche highlights the combo of hill work and tempo as a game-changer for all-around fitness.

Bonus: strides for all seasons

Though flashy workouts steal the spotlight, Roche insists strides—short bursts of 20-30 seconds at a quick but relaxed pace—are indispensable. Hill or flat, 4-8 strides after an easy run are his go-to for sharpening form and staying injury-free.

 

(11/29/2024) Views: 829 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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World Athletics considers launching World Treadmill Championships

With an increasing number of virtual events and races taking place in the world of sports, athletics might follow suit. According to the Daily Mail, in an effort to grow the virtual running scene and appeal to the millions of daily gym treadmill runners, World Athletics has proposed a World Treadmill Championships.

In the past few years, integrating tech and indoor exercise equipment into sports has become increasingly popular. Cycling, rowing and triathlon have already seen success in their global championships that take place using indoor exercise equipment to simulate virtual races.

World Athletics also hopes to embrace these technological advancements and aim to attract new audiences. “You might have to watch this space, but ultimately, why not?’ World Athletics President Sebastian Coe told Mail Sport. “We have got to take our sport to where people are. That is crucial. Whether it is through virtual, whether it is through Esports, whether it is through treadmill, these are all the things that we want to really explore.”

Since the running boom–the exponential growth in running’s popularity since the COVID-19 pandemic–World Athletics recognizes that now is the perfect time to increase the opportunities for this audience. World Athletics CEO Jon Ridgeon revealed that the governing body is working with a tech partner to enter and develop the virtual running scene. Fans speculate that the partner might be Zwift, an online cycling and running program that already hosts the UCI Cycling Esports World Championships.

The announcement has received backlash on social media. “Our Global Governing body is really trying to make Wii sports championships. What are we doing man?” American Olympic hurdler Freddie Crittenden commented on Athletics Weekly’s Instagram post. Some users argue that the sport would be more popular if made more accessible for viewers, while others comment that the announcement feels like an April Fool’s joke.

In fact, the concept was originally proposed by Canadian Running’s own Marley Dickinson last year as an April Fool’s joke.

(11/26/2024) Views: 232 ⚡AMP
by Cameron Ormond
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Three reasons why treadmill running is fantastic

In every running group, there are always a few people who love to grumble endlessly about how much they hate treadmill running. But here’s the thing: running on a treadmill has its perks, and we’re here to give it the credit it deserves.

We get it—the “dreadmill” jokes practically write themselves. There’s also always a die-hard outdoor crew who take pride in braving icy sidewalks and freezing winds to avoid setting foot indoors. If you’re one of those runners who actually enjoys hopping on the treadmill now and then, don’t let the naysayers get to you. Whether you love the predictability, the convenience, or just the chance to run without layering up like you’re racing an Arctic marathon, your preference makes perfect sense. And guess what—you’re not alone.

1.- A treadmill is the perfect training partner

A treadmill offers precision that outdoor running can’t always match. If you’re looking to nail a steady pace or hit a specific incline during your hill-training sessions, the treadmill delivers. Its cushioned surface also feels kinder on your body than pounding pavement—for newer runners or those returning from an injury, this can be a huge help when it comes to staying consistent without overloading your body. The treadmill can be a fantastic, customizable tool that will help you smash your goals, with the complete control it allows over speed, incline and distance.

2.- Enjoy a unique mental challenge (and maybe a Netflix challenge, too)

Hey, you never need an excuse to rest and relax—but if you’re looking to justify that multi-hour Netflix binge, your treadmill long run has you covered. The miles will melt away as you dive into your favourite thrilling series or indulge in a few Hallmark Christmas specials (hey, we don’t judge). Want to channel your inner David Goggins and take on a next-level mental challenge? Skip the screen and stare at the wall in front of you for hours instead. It’s a bold choice, but who are we to question your grit?

3.- You can learn to love it

As someone who has bounced between the treadmill skeptics and fans, I can confirm that hitting that start button can absolutely grow on you. After enduring frostbitten fingers during brutal winter long runs and even breaking a leg on an icy sidewalk, I decided it was time to embrace the treadmill with an open mind. These days, whether I’m catching up on my favourite show, tackling a tough incline workout (a rarity in my pancake-flat prairie town) or squeezing in a run during odd hours when the streets feel less inviting, the treadmill has earned a permanent spot in my running routine.

Don’t get me wrong—I’ll always love the crunch of crisp fall leaves underfoot or the magic of a snowy trail. But there’s something equally liberating about knowing I can keep my training consistent, no matter what the weather or circumstances throw my way.

(11/20/2024) Views: 239 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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Moderate Exercise Isn't Enough to Offset Sitting All Day, Study Says

If you sit for most of the day, even moderate exercise may not undo the health risks of prolonged sitting, according to a new study published in the journal PLoS ONE.

The study included people ages 28 to 49 who, on average, spend more than 8.5 hours sitting each day. Even when participants met the recommended 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week, they still had higher levels of body mass index (BMI) and elevated total cholesterol.

However, those who spent 30 minutes per day doing vigorous exercise—such as running, playing basketball, or swimming laps—had cholesterol levels similar to those of sedentary people five years younger.

For younger adults, vigorous activities seem to be the most helpful in offsetting the harms of extended sitting, said Ryan Bruellman, MS, an author of the study and a doctoral candidate in the Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics at UC Riverside.

Sitting for too long is not only bad for your back, but it may also speed up the aging process.

“When you don’t move all day, your muscles don’t do the job they’re supposed to do in terms of helping to remove blood sugar and helping to break down fats in the blood,” Keith Diaz, PhD, a certified exercise physiologist and an associate professor of behavioral medicine at Columbia University Medical Center, told Verywell.

People who spend their day sitting behind a desk have a 16% higher chance of death and a 34% higher risk of heart disease compared to those who are more active at work, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.

One in four American adults sit at least eight hours each day. If you fall into this group, what can you do to reduce the risks that come with sitting most of the day?

Watch How Long You’re Sitting Every Day

Exercise is important, but reducing sitting time is key to cutting down on the risks that come with sedentary behavior. A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that older women who sat for 11 to 12 hours per day still had a high risk for heart disease and death even if they were physically active.

“Individuals can be both highly active and highly sedentary. For example, someone could walk or run or go to the gym every day but still sit for more than 10 hours per day across work and leisure time,” said Steve Nguyen, PhD, MPH, a postdoctoral scholar at the Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science at UC San Diego and first author of the study.

It’s not always easy to get up from your desk. But, when possible, try working movement breaks into your routine. Stand up and move around while on the phone, plan walking meetings with colleagues, or consider a treadmill or cycle desk.

“Sedentary behavior is definitely something we should try to reduce,” Nguyen said.

Take a One-Minute Walk Every Hour

Standing desks might seem like a good solution to sitting all day, but standing for too long might also come with risks, according to a recent study published in the International Journal of Epidemiology.

That study found that standing instead of sitting won’t necessarily decrease heart disease risk. It could actually increase the chance of varicose veins or orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure that causes dizziness and fainting).

“You have to find a way to move during your day. We know without a doubt that movement is healthier than sitting. So if you’re looking to do something, try to break up your sitting time with some walking, not standing,” Diaz said.

Getting up from your desk and taking a light five-minute walk every half hour has benefits for blood sugar and blood pressure, according to a study Diaz conducted last year.

“That’s a really hard ask for a lot of people,” Diaz said. “Our lowest dose that we tested—move every hour for just one minute—still reduced blood pressure by four to five points. If you do it every hour, you still get some health benefit.”

(11/17/2024) Views: 232 ⚡AMP
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Joe Klecker Plans His Half Marathon Debut

In a live recording of The CITIUS MAG Podcast in New York City, U.S. Olympian Joe Klecker confirmed that he is training for his half marathon debut in early 2025. He did not specify which race but signs point toward the Houston Half Marathon on Jan. 19th.

“We’re kind of on this journey to the marathon,” Klecker said on the Citizens Bank Stage at the 2024 TCS New York City Marathon Expo. “The next logical step is a half marathon. That will be in the new year. We don’t know exactly where yet but we want to go attack a half marathon. That’s what all the training is focused on and that’s why it’s been so fun. Not that the training is easy but it’s the training that comes the most naturally to me.”

Klecker owns personal bests of 12:54.99 for 5000m and 27:07.57 for 10,000m. In his lone outdoor track race of 2024, he ran 27:09.29 at Sound Running’s The Ten in March and missed the Olympic qualifying standard of 27:00.00.

His training style and genes (his mother Janis competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in the marathon and won two U.S. marathon national championships in her career; and his father Barney previously held the U.S. 50-mile ultramarathon record) have always linked Klecker to great marathoning potential. For this year’s TCS New York City Marathon, the New York Road Runners had Klecker riding in the men’s lead truck so he could get a front-row glimpse at the race and the course, if he chooses to make his debut there or race in the near future.

The Comeback From Injury

In late May, Klecker announced he would not be able to run at the U.S. Olympic Track and Field Trials in June due to his recovery from a torn adductor earlier in the season, which ended his hopes of qualifying for a second U.S. Olympic team. He spent much of April cross training and running on the Boost microgravity treadmill at a lower percentage of his body weight.

“The process of coming back has been so smooth,” Klecker says. “A lot of that is just because it’s been all at the pace of my health. I haven’t been thinking like, ‘Oh I need to be at this level of fitness in two weeks to be on track for my goals.’ If my body is ready to go, we’re going to keep progressing. If it’s not ready to go, we’re going to pull back a little bit. That approach is what helped me get through this injury.”

One More Track Season

Klecker is not fully prepared to bid adieu to the track. He plans to chase the qualifying standard for the 10,000 meters and attempt to qualify for the 2025 World Championships in Tokyo. In 2022, after World Athletics announced Tokyo as the 2025 host city, he told coach Dathan Ritzenhein that he wanted the opportunity to race at Japan National Stadium with full crowds.

“I’m so happy with what I’ve done on the track that if I can make one more team, I’ll be so happy,” Klecker says. “Doing four more years of this training, I don’t know if I can stay healthy to be at the level I want to be. One more team on the track would just be like a dream.”

Klecker is also considering doubling up with global championships and could look to qualify for the 2025 World Road Running Championships, which will be held Sept. 26th to 28th in San Diego. To make the team, Klecker would have to race at the Atlanta Half Marathon on Sunday, March 2nd, which also serves as the U.S. Half Marathon Championships. The top three men and women will qualify for Worlds. One spot on Team USA will be offered via World Ranking.

Sound Running’s The Ten, one of the few fast opportunities to chase the 10,000m qualifying standard on the track, will be held on March 29th in San Juan Capistrano.

Thoughts on Ryan Hall’s American Record

The American record in the half marathon remains Ryan Hall’s 59:43 set in Houston on Jan. 14th, 2007. Two-time Olympic medalist Galen Rupp (59:47 at the 2018 Prague Half) and two-time U.S. Olympian Leonard Korir (59:52 at the 2017 New Dehli Half) are the only other Americans to break 60 minutes.

In the last three years, only Biya Simbassa (60:37 at the 2022 Valencia Half), Kirubel Erassa (60:44 at the 2022 Houston Half), Diego Estrada (60:49 at the 2024 Houston Half) and Conner Mantz (60:55 at the 2021 USATF Half Marathon Championships) have even dipped under 61 minutes.

On a global scale, Nineteen of the top 20 times half marathon performances in history have come since the pandemic. They have all been run by athletes from Kenyan, Uganda, and Ethiopia, who have gone to races in Valencia (Spain), Lisbon (Portugal), Ras Al Khaimah (UAE), or Copenhagen (Denmark), and the top Americans tend to pass on those races due to a lack of appearance fees or a stronger focus on domestic fall marathons.

Houston in January may be the fastest opportunity for a half marathon outside of the track season, which can run from March to September for 10,000m specialists.

“I think the record has stood for so long because it is such a fast record but we’re seeing these times drop like crazy,” Klecker says. “I think it’s a matter of time before it goes. Dathan (Ritzenhein) has run 60:00 so he has a pretty good barometer of what it takes to be in that fitness. Listening to him has been really good to let me know if that’s a realistic possibility and I think it is. That’s a goal of mine. I’m not there right now but I’m not racing a half marathon until the new year. I think we can get there to attempt it. A lot has to go right to get a record like that but just the idea of going for it is so motivating in training.”

His teammate, training partner, and Olympic marathon bronze medalist Hellen Obiri has full confidence in Klecker’s potential.

“He has been so amazing for training,” Obiri said in the days leading up to her runner-up finish at the New York City Marathon. “I think he can do the American record.”

(11/12/2024) Views: 286 ⚡AMP
by Chris Chavez
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Aramco Houston Half Marathon

Aramco Houston Half Marathon

The Chevron Houston Marathon provides runners with a one-of-a-kind experience in the vibrant and dynamic setting of America's fourth-largest city. Renowned for its fast, flat, and scenic single-loop course, the race has earned accolades as the "fastest winter marathon" and the "second fastest marathon overall," according to the Ultimate Guide to Marathons. It’s a perfect opportunity for both elite athletes...

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Three ways to become a hill-running machine

Become a master of the up, down and in-between with these tips.

Let’s face it—hills are hard. While tackling hill workouts can be intimidating, training on inclines can dramatically improve your speed, strength and endurance. Learning to tackle both uphill and downhill sections smoothly and confidently can transform your runs and races. Here’s how to make hill workouts part of your routine—without burning out or risking injury.

1.- Focus on the steady climb

For most hill workouts, aim to run uphill at a controlled, moderate pace. Going all-out might seem tempting, but studies show many runners start hills too fast, leaving them struggling to maintain their pace later. Choose a hill that takes around 10 minutes to climb, or set your treadmill incline high enough so that you feel the burn but are still able to keep a steady rhythm. Focus on matching the effort level you’d use on flat ground; if your breathing picks up too much, dial it back until you find a sustainable pace.

2.- Practice short, intense bursts

Adding short bursts of hard running uphill can build power and prepare you for more intense climbs. Find a shorter hill that takes less than a minute to summit, and challenge yourself to push hard to the top. Open up your stride, accelerate for 15 seconds at the peak, then recover as you jog back down. Repeat this five to 10 times to build endurance and speed, keeping each ascent strong and controlled.

3.- Embrace the downhill

Downhill running can be tricky, but incorporating it into your training builds confidence and control on descents; it triggers eccentric muscle contractions, where your muscles lengthen to support your body. This type of training boosts strength in your quads and hamstrings, enhances running efficiency (even on flat terrain) and improves stability and balance.

Try adding four to six strides on a gentle downhill slope after an easy run. Focus on shorter steps, keep your arms low for balance, and aim for a smooth, relaxed gait. If you find the downhill feels too easy, pick up the pace gradually, and as you improve, look for steeper hills to test your limits.

Mastering both uphill and downhill techniques will give you an edge, whether you’re training for a race or just building strength. With consistent practice, you’ll find the hills become your secret advantage.

(11/11/2024) Views: 309 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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How Long Does It Take the Average Person to Walk 10,000 Steps?

All you need to know about setting aside time to meet this common goal.

Your fitness tracker probably tells you how many steps you take most days. And your device likely sets the goal of 10,000 steps a day or maybe that’s what you’ve entered as your daily step-count target. This number has become the popular goal for many people and for good reason: Moving more throughout the day is good for your body in numerous ways and it supports your mind, too.

In fact, every 1,000 steps a person takes each day lowers their systolic blood pressure (the top number) by about 0.45 points—that’s a good thing, especially for your heart! The more you move, the more likely you are to lower your risk of chronic illness, like cardiovascular disease, and support your mental health.

Now, if you’re wondering how long it takes to walk 10,000 steps so you actually meet this goal, we got you! Here, two exercise physiologists explain how long it typically takes to cover 10,000 steps, depending on your average pace, so you can carve out time for your body and mind to clock more movement.

How long does it take to walk 10,000 steps?

For a person of average height (5-foot-3-inches for women and 5-foot-9-inches for men), a 2,000-step walk is about a mile, according to Laura A. Richardson, Ph.D., a clinical exercise physiologist and clinical associate professor at the University of Michigan School of Kinesiology.

This step count varies depending on the length of someone’s leg and the length of their stride, as well as their cadence. However, say it takes you 2,000 steps to cover one mile, and you walk at an average pace of about 20 minutes per mile, then it would take you about 100 minutes to walk 10,000 steps, Richardson explains Runner’s World. That’s one hour and 40 minutes.

Authors of a 2020 article published in Sustainability reviewed studies that examined walking habits in order to suggest ways to increase activity, and they came to a similar conclusion on timing. They found that healthy older adults typically average 100 steps per minute when moving at a moderate pace. This translates to about 100 minutes to clock 10,000 steps.

This will obviously change depending on your walking pace, though. If you walk a 15

The numbers change, of course, if you run some of those 10,000 steps, explains Rachelle Reed, Ph.D., an exercise physiologist, tells Runner’s World. Based on Strava, the average mile pace for American men is a 9:32 and 10:37 for American women. It would take those men about 47 minutes to take 10,000 steps and the women would need about 53 minutes to do the same.

How many calories do you burn per 10,000 steps?

To figure out how many calories you burn walking 10,000 steps, you need to know the metabolic equivalent rate (MET) for your exact pace. A MET is determined by multiplying the body’s oxygen consumption by bodyweight every minute. One MET is roughly equal to the amount of oxygen you consume at rest and is also equal to one calorie.

Following that equation, the National Academy of Sports Medicine says walking at a less than two miles per hour is equivalent to 2 METs per minute, which means someone who weights 150 pounds burns fewer than 140 calories per hour. Meanwhile, that same person walking at a brisk pace of approximately 3.5 miles per hour is equivalent to 4.5 METs, leading to a calorie burn of about 306 per hour.

Walking at a very brisk pace of four to six miles per hour is roughly equivalent to 5 METs, per the NASM. “It’s five times the amount of energy you need compared to rest,” Reed adds. Thus, you can burn around 340 calories per hour.

To put that in the context of 10,000 steps: Let’s say you walk about three miles per

How can you boost the benefits of your 10,000 steps?

To truly kick up the calorie burn, you have to change the intensity of your movement, which might mean adding in some running, walking at an incline on the treadmill, or walking up a hill, according to Richardson.

Reed suggests adding a weighted vest to your walks (or runs) a.k.a. rucking to increase the intensity level.

Finally, you may wonder if getting those steps on the treadmill is as beneficial as heading outside. There are pros and cons to both. “Pros of a treadmill are it’s easier to manipulate,” Reed says. “You can have complete control over the length of the intervals, the speed, and the incline much more easily there. But there’s also something to be said about getting your physical activity outside. There are additional mental benefits like stress relief and feeling more connected with your environment that people can gain from being active outside.”

Richardson agrees: “The nice thing about being outdoors is the sunlight, the fresh air, the different level terrain, depending on what type of surface someone’s walking on, that can engage different muscles,” she says. “So again, pros and cons to both. Really, choose

(11/02/2024) Views: 272 ⚡AMP
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High-Intensity Intervals vs Low-Intensity Steady State: Which Is Better for Your Run Performance?

Everything to know about high-intensity interval training and low-intensity steady-state cardio—and how they benefit your running performance.

Sure, running is just as easy as putting on the right shoes and heading outside, but once you get into it, you start to see information in the form of acronyms, such as DNF (did not finish), FKT (fastest known time), plus HIIT (high-intensity interval training) and LISS (low-intensity steady-state workouts).

Not only should you understand what both HIIT and LISS mean, they are also two types of workouts every runner should have on their training plan. So, with the help of experts, we explain the benefits of HIIT versus LISS, plus when to use them throughout training to improve performance so you reach your running goals.

HIIT vs. LISS: How They Compare

High-intensity interval training a.k.a. HIIT workouts involve alternating periods of higher-intensity effort and lower-intensity effort or rest.

On the other end of the spectrum, low-intensity steady-state workouts a.k.a. LISS means exercising at a low to moderate effort for a longer period of time.

Both workouts will help you improve as a runner, according to a 2015 study published in the Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. The researchers had 55 untrained college-age people do either HIIT protocols or steady-state training for eight weeks. Both groups saw improvements in their VO2 max and other physical fitness metrics, and there were no significant differences between the groups.

That said, runners will gain slightly different benefits from each type of run, which is why there is room for both types of workouts in every runner’s training plan.

Details on HIIT Workouts, Including Pros and Cons

As mentioned, HIIT workouts include bursts of high-intensity work and then you either pause or do a lower-intensity segment, Milica McDowell, P.T., D.P.T., an exercise physiologist, physical therapist, and vice president of operations at Gait Happens tells Runner’s World. “The gap between the high and the low can vary, and the duration between the high and the low can vary,” she says.

Typically, the high-intensity work intervals should be

Benefits of HIIT Workouts

1. HIIT Challenges You

“HIIT really gives individuals an opportunity to train above a threshold,” Alex Rothstein, C.S.C.S., exercise physiologist and program coordinator of exercise science at the New York Institute of Technology tells Runner’s World.

Exercising outside of your comfort zone means your body keeps adapting to the work, and you grow stronger, faster, and more comfortable with the discomfort over time, he says, which can help you on race day. HIIT workouts help you learn what it feels like to push through really intense bouts of work, which might be what a surge to the finish line feels like.

Pushing yourself outside of your comfort zone also helps you physiologically. McDowell explains that these workouts are based on the concept of “overload.” Essentially, each tough interval challenges your body to work harder so it has to keep adapting to the work, growing stronger in the process.

2. It’s Time Efficient

HIIT runs might only take 20 to 30 minutes, and that’s a plus if that’s all the time you have in the day for exercise, Rothstein says.

Research, including a 2023 meta-analysis in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, routinely

This is another reason to keep your HIIT runs short.

2. Increased Risk of Injury

You shouldn’t do high-intensity running workouts every day without proper time for rest and recovery. Overdoing it with HIIT can put you at risk for overuse injuries, Rothstein says.

You also need to have some amount of base fitness before you jump in, McDowell says. “If you’re not conditioned, and you decide you’re going to go sprint up a hill several times, that puts your tendons, your muscles, all sorts of structures, at risk,” she explains. So if you’re new to HIIT, make sure to ease into it gradually.

Details on LISS Workouts, Including Pros and Cons

LISS—low-intensity, steady-state workouts—is what you should think of when you see the “fat-burning zone” label on your favorite treadmill, per the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM). It’s also sometimes referred to as LSD or long slow distance training, McDowell says.

This is a slow-and-steady pace you could maintain for quite some time and is also sometimes compared to zone 2 training by those who run by heart rate, Rothstein says.

These workouts should get you to somewhere between 50

3. It Feels Good

Lots of runners lace up simply for the mental health benefits. It’s not uncommon for LISS running to clear your mind, help you feel more grounded or centered, or even bring on the runner’s high—and those are all valid reasons to keep doing it, Rothstein says.

In fact, in the Journal of Sports Science & Medicine study mentioned above, exercisers reported an eight-week HIIT routine to be less enjoyable than eight weeks of steady-state training.

4. It trains your gut

New runners or runners tackling a new distance are no strangers to the mid-run porta potty break to deal with cramps, diarrhea, and even vomiting. “This sounds funny, but you’ve got to train your guts to jiggle,” McDowell says. LISS workouts help get your insides used to all the jostling, she says, so you’re less likely to experience unpleasant GI symptoms when it really matters.

Drawbacks of LISS Workouts

1. It’s Easier to Plateau

Longer, slower training runs don’t push you outside of your comfort zone, Rothstein says. “After a while, it ends up not being enough stimulus to keep promoting change,” he says. That means you might not notice as much progress

It’s likely that if you follow a training plan, you will see both types of run on your schedule, but if you create your own plan, remember that the best running workout for you is the one you’ll actually stick to, Rothstein says.

(10/27/2024) Views: 269 ⚡AMP
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Hurricane Helene Devastated This Running Hotbed. Professional Athletes Are Helping Rebuild It.

“We had no idea the gravity of what was coming,” said Olympian Abbey Cooper.

On a typical Tuesday, Abbey Cooper usually tackles a threshold workout before leading practice as the coach of a youth cross-country team in Boone, North Carolina. 

Last week, the 2016 Olympic 5,000-meter runner was working as a volunteer, answering phones at her church, Alliance Bible Fellowship. For hours, the new mom helped survivors of Hurricane Helene obtain generators and other necessities in the wake of a natural disaster. 

When Helene made landfall in Florida as a Category 4 storm on September 26, it created a 500-mile path of destruction across the southeast. Homes were washed away, roads were destroyed, and electricity was wiped out in communities across six states, where the death toll has risen to 227. Many are still unaccounted for or missing, according to The AP. 

In the rural mountain towns of western North Carolina, the hurricane decimated communities with unrelenting rain and devastating floods. And emergency response was made more difficult due to hundreds of damaged roads and downed bridges. 

Now as people begin to recover and rebuild, several elite runners in Boone and Blowing Rock, North Carolina, are taking major steps to give back and raise awareness for the organizations working tirelessly to support those in need. From cleaning up trails to delivering meals and disaster kits, professional and collegiate athletes who train in the area are providing critical aid and urging others to help in recovery efforts. 

“We had no idea the gravity of what was coming”

Cooper, her husband, Jacob, and their 20-month-old daughter, Mercy, live in a valley about 15 minutes from downtown Boone. In the days leading up to the storm hitting their town on Friday, September 27, a downpour descended on the area. At the height of the storm, Cooper remembered seeing waterfalls flowing off the hill and rushing toward their house. 

Though they had to dig a trench to reroute water that was flowing into their garage, there was minimal damage done to the Coopers’ home. Cooper said they were lucky. One of their neighbor’s homes located next to a creek was destroyed, but the owner made it out safely. “All of us were really humbled. We had no idea the gravity of what was coming,” she said. 

They lost power and water, relying on a portable camping stove and water filter to sustain them at home for three days. The couple considered driving to their friend’s house in Raleigh but decided to stay after the power was turned back on. 

Tristin Van Ord Colley had a similar terrifying experience at her home in Blowing Rock, located about eight miles from Boone. The professional marathoner, who runs for Zap Endurance, was in her apartment when a tornado hit the street behind her complex on Wednesday, September 25. Without receiving any warning of the tornado, the Appalachian State University alum and her husband, fellow pro runner Andrew Colley, took shelter last minute in a room without windows. The next day, the rain started to pick up. By Friday, it became catastrophic. 

Tristin said Andrew was watching a teammate’s dogs across town when water started flooding into the house. With the water rising rapidly and the electricity still on, Andrew fled with the dogs in his car and drove to their apartment. Tristin said he was forced to avoid road closures and drive through deep water as the storm progressed. “If [Andrew] had waited any longer, I’m not sure he would’ve been able to make it,” she said. 

Though the basement of their apartment building flooded up to four feet, the water didn’t reach their unit on the second floor. After the power went out—and didn’t turn back on for nine days—Tristin and Andrew braved the few roads that were open but riddled with fallen trees, to drive to her mom’s house in Chapel Hill. 

Recovering and rebuilding

Once they stabilized at home, Abbey and Jacob started volunteering with local relief efforts led by the Red Cross and Samaritan’s Purse in partnership with their church. Jacob, who works as the Associate Athletics Director for Sports Psychology and Mental Wellness at Appalachian State, is making deliveries to families in need and serving meals at the university. Abbey is assisting with administrative

“The people of Appalachia I feel are forgotten about a lot…Being someone who was extremely lucky in this situation, it’s hard for me to watch this community that I’ve grown to love so much crumble because of poverty and maybe not being prepared or not warned,” she said, while noting the messaging about the severity of the storm could have been better communicated in advance. 

“It’s important to have eyes on this area and have people recognize that these people here matter too.”

Zap Endurance elite coach Peter Rea and his family are doing their part by volunteering at local churches and public schools, which have become distribution centers for aid since the hurricane hit. Rea, his wife—cofounder of Zap Endurance Zika Rea—and their two children are helping people get necessities, like diapers, toothpaste, bottled water, blankets, and hot meals in the aftermath of their homes getting destroyed. 

The Rea family home saw minimal damage in Blowing Rock compared to other communities sitting at lower elevation, but four Zap runners were flooded from their houses, he said. Several of the athletes stayed with Rea immediately after the hurricane. They had to run on treadmills because the team’s primary training venue, Moses H. Cone Memorial Park, was severely damaged from the storm. 

“There are just hundreds of trees down in the national park on all of the carriage trails that we run on,” Rea said. “A couple of our rolling dirt loops are completely flooded out. There’s lots of housing destruction on the road because it’s right next to the Watauga River, which went 12 feet over its banks.”

Most of the team left Blowing Rock and Boone to continue their respective training blocks in their hometowns. Though the team is displaced right now, Rea has encouraged the athletes to stay connected as they pursue their running goals from afar. “We’re trying to impress upon them to be excited about getting out the door everyday, and go out of your way to create community when you’re back home,” he said. 

Rea is hoping the athletes will be able to

A portion of the trail clean-up effort is being led by the cross-country team at Appalachian State. Seeing the widespread damage prompted the men’s and women’s squad to pick up trash blown onto the paths they utilize every day, said Appalachian State women’s distance coach Annie Richards. 

“As a distance runner, you’re out running the trails or running around town, you really have a unique connection to the place,” Richards said. “In some ways, it’s harder because a lot of the trails that we’ve been running on have been really impacted by the storm, but also I think our team has been able to really understand the scope of the disaster.”

Last week, the team volunteered to sort through donations and build disaster relief kits, which included items to help people kill mold in their home caused by water damage. Richards said they plan to do more volunteer projects while the team is in season for cross-country this fall. 

Though the community has received aid from different organizations in town and around the country—Cooper said she got “chills” when she saw hundreds of camper vans belonging to volunteers who traveled many miles to assist—there’s a long period of recovery ahead. 

“The people of western North Carolina have never seen anything of this magnitude,” Rea said. “Anything people can do to help is greatly appreciated.”

To learn more about Hurricane Helene relief efforts and different ways to give back, visit the following nonprofit organizations recommended

(10/20/2024) Views: 310 ⚡AMP
by Runner’s World
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'Micro-Walks' Could Burn More Calories Than Longer Ones. Here's How Long You Should Be Walking For

A new study just discovered the benefits of shorter strolls.

For years, doctors have stressed the importance of being active during your day—after all, research has found that sitting for too long raises your risk of a slew of serious health conditions, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. But the idea of going for hour-long walks can be overwhelming. Now, new research suggests you don’t need to jam in a massive stroll into each day: Instead, you can go for “micro-walks.”

That’s the main takeaway from a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, which found that micro-walks may be even better for you than long ones. Here’s the deal. 

What are ‘micro-walks’?

In this study, a “micro-walk” is defined as walking between 10 and 30 seconds at a time (with breaks in between your next walk). 

Are ‘micro-walks’ more beneficial for your health? Why?

It depends on how you’re looking at it. In this particular study, volunteers walked on a treadmill or climbed a short flight of stairs for different periods of time, ranging from 10 seconds to four minutes. The study participants wore masks to measure their oxygen intake (which can be used to calculate energy or calorie consumption). 

The researchers discovered that people who walked in short bursts used up to 60 per cent more energy than longer ones, despite the walks covering the same distance. (The more energy you expend, the more calories you can burn.)

Basically, you may be able to rev up your metabolism and burn more calories if you do short bursts of walking versus longer cruises around. 

Albert Matheny, RD, CSCS, a co-founder of SoHo Strength Lab, says there’s something to this. “Getting activity throughout the day, in general, is better for people,” he says. “It’s better for circulation, mental health, and digestive health.” 

You’re also more likely

(10/19/2024) Views: 341 ⚡AMP
by Women Health magazine
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How to Actually Enjoy Running (Even With the Occasional Blister or Side Stitch)

Six options that can help every kind of runner .

There are runners who make it look easy, with the smoothest form, quick cadence, and a smile on their face no matter what mile they’re clocking. And then, there’s the rest of us, who don’t exactly know how to enjoy running consistently. Maybe you have to drag yourself out of bed to run. Maybe most days, the time on your feet just ticks a little too slow.

Love it or hate it, running does wonders for your cardiovascular health, can boost mood, and help you achieve better mental health. Whether you’re a total beginner or a runner facing burnout, it is possible to fall in love (or back in love) with the run.

If you've been struggling with sticking to traditional training plans and truly want to learn how to enjoy running, we’ve compiled a few unique tools to help you run with your heart.

There are six options that can help every kind of runner approach running differently and try something new. Through time, distance, music, and feel, here’s exactly how to enjoy running (even with the occasional blister or side stitch.)

How to Enjoy Running by Tracking Time

Best for Runners Who...

Don’t mind having your hand held a little; want a fairly fail-safe method to easing into running; are a rule-follower; don’t mind frequently looking down at your wrist.

You’ll Need...

A watch. (A digital chronograph watch is easiest to follow and can be preset to beep at you when it’s time to run or walk.)

Where to do it:

Outside on the road, a trail, the track, or inside on a treadmill. If you do it on a trail or on hilly terrain on the road, you’ll need to adjust a bit based on feel: run for longer on a downhill, shorter on an uphill.

How to do it:

Follow any given run-by-time plan, like the Runner’s World walk-to-run plan that has helped thousands of beginners get started. Unless you have a photographic memory, either print and cut out the workout to take with you, or jot it down on something small like a business card and take that with you. Alternatively, you could try to memorize it, and/or you could take a picture of it with your phone to reference if you forget (and don’t mind taking your phone with you). You can preset some watches to help you stick to the intervals.

How to Enjoy Running by Loosely Tracking Time

Best for Runners Who...

Have a rebellious streak and want a

On a road, trail, treadmill, or track.

How to do it:

Walk for roughly the first 5 minutes. If you feel like walking for 6, go nuts.

Run until you don’t feel like running anymore. Maybe this is 30 seconds, maybe it’s a few minutes.

Walk again.

Run again, laughing in the face of structure. (Or just run.)

Repeat for the remainder of your run, aiming to run for a total of 2 or 3 minutes on your first time out. Break down those 2 or 3 minutes within a 30-minute outing however you want. The other 27 or 28 minutes, walk.

Walk to cool down.

Improve (week 3ish): Increase your total run time to 5 minutes.

Improve more (week 5ish): Increase your total run time to 10 minutes. And walk more if you bloody feel like it.

Improve even more (week 7ish): Increase your total run time to 15, 20, and eventually 30 minutes or more.

Tip: Make sure you’re entering this plan, and any other, from where you are physically and mentally as a runner. If you run regularly (but maybe hate it) for example, do the above by running, say, 20-30 minutes total, broken down

How to Enjoy Running by Monitoring How You Feel

Best for Runners Who...

Don’t love watches; need a break from technology; want to feel more in tune with your body.

You’ll Need...

An ability to listen to your body and mind.

Where to do it:

Anywhere!

How to do it:

Start by walking.

When your body feels moderately warmed up (less creaky than when you started; usually about 5 to 10 minutes in), break into a jog.

Stop running and start walking when you still feel sorta okay, but when you notice a hitch in your stride or a light strain (more than usual) in your muscles or breath. Do not wait to walk until you can’t breathe or talk.*

Start running again.

Repeat steps 3 and 4 for 3 or 4 rounds.

Walk for a few minutes after your last run segment to cool down.

Improve (week 3ish): Run for longer during each segment, but don’t make jumps that are too big. Give yourself at least two to three runs with similar run-length segments before adding time.

Improve more (week 5ish): Run for longer still during each segment. Again, do this gradually.

Improve even more (week 7ish): You got it. Run for longer during each segment, still listening to your body.

Tip: Choosing natural markers, as in “run until that big tree,” “walk until the stop sign,” can help keep you motivated. But if your body tells you to stop before then, listen.

* The Talk Test: If you can no longer speak a full sentence, it’s time to slow down and walk. Walk until you regain your breath and your muscles feel semi-ready. (Don’t wait until you feel perfect, because you won’t.)

How to Enjoy Running by Listening to Music

Best for Runners Who...

Need music to make your heart beat; don’t like watches but want some structure on your runs; can’t fathom getting out the door without music blasting in your ears.

You'll Need...

Some way to play music into your ears and carry said music player comfortably. (That probably means carrying

How to do it:

Walk for the duration of two songs (avoiding jam band epics).

Jog/run for the first verse of the next song.

Walk during the next verse and chorus of that song.

Jog/run for another verse, before walking until the end of the song.

Repeat the run/walk for four songs.

Walk home during the duration of two songs to cool down.

Improve (week 3ish): Warm up by walking for two songs. Once you feel comfortable jog/running for the duration of a verse, increase the jog/run duration from one verse to two.

Improve more (week 5ish): Warm up by walking for two songs. Jog/run fortwo verses and through the end of the chorus (while still walking for the restof the song). Repeat for four songs.

Improve even more (week 7ish): Warm up by walking for one or two songs.Jogging for an entire song, then walk a song, then jog/run for another entire song. Repeat for four or so songs.

Tip: Playing the same music/playlist will help you gauge your improvement.

Another tip: The cadence of a song can affect the speed with which your feet hit the ground, so choose songs accordingly. Look for a running playlist online or just choose songs that have an upbeat tempo. It’s tough to crank out miles to “The Way You Look Tonight,” unless you want to force yourself to run slower. Likewise, especially if you’re first starting out, avoid superfast dance beats. You don’t want the cadence of a song to make you feel badly about your stride or make you trip on yourself trying to keep up.

How to Enjoy Running by Monitoring Distance on a Track

Best for Runners Who...

Are a visual thinker; feel more comfortable in controlled environments; are competitive.

You'll Need:

A track.

Where to do it:

A track.

How to do it:

Walk two laps.

Jog/shuffle the curve of the beginning of the third lap.

Walk the rest of

Another tip: While you’re trying hard, take an inside lane. While you’re not, move to an outside lane. Always look over your shoulder before switching lanes so you avoid collisions and annoyed track mates.

How to Enjoy Running by Monitoring Distance off a Track

Best for Runners Who...

Are visual thinkers; don’t want to go by time.

You'll Need:

An ability to listen to your body; a treadmill, if doing this on a treadmill; a GPS-enabled device, if doing this by device.

Where to do it:

On a road, trail, or treadmill.

How to do it:

Walk until your body feels less creaky than when you started.

Spot something ahead of you, but not too far ahead of you—a tree, a telephone pole, a stop sign. If you’re on a treadmill or if going by distance measured by a device, choose a distance.

Jog/run to that thing/mileage.

Walk until another thing—a different tree, a different telephone pole, a yield sign. Or to the next mileage increment on your treadmill console or smartwatch.

Repeat, listening to your body. If the thing/increment you chose makes you go into overload—your muscles or lungs scream—walk sooner

(10/12/2024) Views: 344 ⚡AMP
by Runner’s World
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Which Running Tests Are Worth the Investment?

Experts break down which type of runner is most likely to benefit from tests including a gait analysis, VO2 max, and more.

Running itself is pretty basic—in the best of ways. All you really need is a pair of running shoes to get started. Of course, additional gear can be helpful, not to mention fun to test out and use to boost performance. Investing in certain fitness tests and assessments can also up the fun factor and give you an edge for training and race-day success. 

These days, you can find a ton of options in this realm, which can feel overwhelming, but experts caution against getting too caught up in the hype. 

“Information and knowledge is a good thing, but sometimes there can be a little bit too much,” says James Robinson, M.D., sports medicine physician at Hospital for Special Surgery. He says that if you’re not having problems (like injuries or pain) and you’re hitting reasonable running goals, you probably don’t *need* any type of fitness test. 

One exception: Keep up with your yearly physicals (during which you may have some blood work done) as a baseline. From there, your doctor may also suggest other specific tests (like a DEXA scan, which looks at bone density, for those with osteopenia or a history of broken bones). 

That said, keep reading for what runners should know about some of the most popular fitness lab tests out there right now, how each can support your goals, and which type of runner is more likely to benefit from investing in each one. 

If you’re chronically injured or looking to improve efficiency...

Consider a gait analysis

A gait analysis—which involves being recorded from different angles while running on a treadmill to look at form, including foot strike and body alignment—is especially useful for runners with chronic injuries like shin splints, patellofemoral pain, or IT band issues, says Robinson. 

“The gait analysis can show things in your running mechanics that are making you more prone to injuries and especially certain types of injuries,” says Robinson. This analysis may also ID weaknesses or muscle imbalances and things like overstriding, overpronating, or a low cadence.

Runners looking to improve efficiency may also benefit from this test. “There can be ways to improve your biomechanics to improve your running efficiency,” like working on optimizing hip extension, which is important for minimizing vertical excursion (or too much up and down movement rather than straight ahead).

N’Namdi Nelson, C.S.C.S., an exercise physiologist at NYU’s Sports Performance Center adds that beginners can benefit from a gait analysis: “The activity you’re going to be doing is running, so why not do a running analysis to assess your biomechanics to see exactly what's going on in your gait, and identify things that you may be doing incorrectly and ways that you can improve it?” This will not only set you up for success in the sport of running in terms of performance, but help you avoid injuries before they show up in your stride.

Where to get it: Running labs like at universities and medical centers or at a local physical therapy clinic

Typical cost: Starting at about $150 (or free with your physical therapy appointment, depending on insurance)

If you’re new to running…

Consider a functional movement screening (FMS)

When doing a functional movement screen, a coach or trainer will typically put you through movements (e.g. a single-leg squat, push-up, and step-over) and watch how your body moves. If your hip drops to one side or your knees cave in on that squat, for example, that could indicate weakness in your core stability, Robinson says, which could affect your injury risk in running. The facilitator will then give you specific exercise recommendations to strengthen those weaknesses. 

Nelson recommends the FMS for beginners in particular. “It’s going to give us more information as to what’s going on in the body,” he says. “So for example, if we see weakness in certain muscles or a decrease in flexibility in certain joint ranges, then we can try to get ahead of it and try to correct it, decreasing your chances of sustaining some type of running-related injury.”

Where to get it: Some places, like NYU, HSS, and the Columbia RunLab, offer running analyses which combine a gait analysis on a treadmill with a movement screen like the FMS so it’s one stop shopping. Nelson says that having information from both of these inputs—the gait analysis and FMS—can be helpful when making correlations. 

You can also often get an FMS at a gym as part of an initial training evaluation, and it can be useful on its own. (If you’re choosing between a gait analysis and an FMS, Robinson argues the former is more beneficial as it’s more specific to runners.) 

Typical cost: Included in the above services, with rates changing depending on insurance and/or location

If you’re more experienced and/or get sidelined by cramps…

Consider a metabolic profile test

This type of test typically includes a VO2 max test, lactate threshold evaluation, and metabolic efficiency testing. It involves a finger stick capillary blood test, as well as running on a treadmill at increasing intensity with a mask on to measure how much oxygen you’re consuming, as well as CO2 output and heart rate. 

VO2 max measures your aerobic capacity. It can give you a sense of your cardiovascular fitness, which can be helpful as a benchmark to try to improve (often via short, intense intervals). 

This test can also help you determine your max heart rate, and training zones based on that

“Lactate threshold is basically the point at which your body starts to go from aerobic to anaerobic and starts to really ramp up its levels of lactate,” says Robinson. “The lactate threshold basically tells a runner the pace at which they could run a short distance, like a 5K or 10K, which can be useful when you’re talking about training paces.” 

Importantly, lactate threshold is something you can train and improve, Robinson adds. Knowing your threshold allows you to train in the proper zones to increase it. For example, if your lactate threshold is nine minutes per mile, then training with runs at that pace could help to improve that, Robinson says. (And then if you repeated this test months later, you can see if it improves.)

As for metabolic efficiency, Robinson says this can help you strategize fueling for long races—and it’s also trainable. This test profile measures how many calories you use per hour and the breakdown of fat versus carbohydrate at various exercise intensities. 

“We have a lot of fat stores in our body, but our body has very limited carbohydrate stores,” he says. So, if the test reveals that you’re using mostly carbs for long runs, for example, you’ll run out of fuel quickly and knowing this would help you ID exactly how much nutrition you need to bring along.

Robinson says this test is most useful for runners trying to improve efficiency and pace. For example, if you want to run a sub-four-hour marathon, this test can be useful to one, see if you’re able to achieve that goal at your current fitness level, and if not, figure out which zones to train to get there. 

The test can also be useful for those who deal with cramping when they run. “Usually cramps are a fueling issue more so than a true dehydration issue,” says Robinson. “So the metabolic profile can be useful for fueling to see why someone might be cramping, or for someone that hits a wall at mile 20 or 21 in the marathon, that could be a fueling issue, and the metabolic profile can definitely help clue you into strategies to help.” 

Where to get it: At NYU, this test is called the “Sports Performance” evaluation and includes a gait analysis, stability and mobility screen, and VO2 max, with the option to add lactate threshold testing. At HSS, it’s Metabolic Testing and includes all of the metrics (VO2 max, lactate threshold, metabolic efficiency, and also running economy). You also may be able to find similar tests at other universities, medical centers, and running labs. 

If you want to DIY…

Use your wearable data

Robinson acknowledges that many wearables now provide lots of info that you’d get as part of a formal gait analysis, like cadence, vertical oscillation, and stride length, in addition to metrics like VO2 max. “They’re pretty accurate now,” he says, adding that they can be more accessible and less expensive (assuming you’ve already paid for the wearable) than additional testing. 

Still, sometimes people need help with interpretation of this data and they don’t know what to do with it on their own. “Seeing an exercise physiologist or a running coach could help them interpret some of the data,” he says.

Typical cost: Free (after the cost of a wearable, which typically starts around $200) 

If you’re into lots of data and optimizing health…

Consider a blood panel

As long as you pass your yearly physical, additional blood work probably won’t tell you much more about your running performance, according to Nelson. “You can identify some nutritional deficiencies and things like that that may affect your performance, but those things may also be highlighted in your yearly physical,” he adds. 

However, for those really into data and optimization of health and performance, a full blood panel might be helpful, so long as you know what to do with the information (or have someone to interpret the results). This additional screen may look into nutritional biomarkers beyond your typical blood test at a physical, like omega-3 levels, electrolytes like calcium and magnesium, and many other health-related metrics that are related to heart health, immune regulation, and more.

The one biomarker both experts agree is wise to get tested for all runners is vitamin D. “I do recommend that runners get their vitamin D checked regularly because if you are low in vitamin D, then that can put you at risk for bone injuries such as stress fractures, and vitamin D deficiency is extremely common, especially in places where you don’t get as much sunlight,” says Robinson. 

Other than that, if you’re having specific issues or have concerns about your overall health, consult with your doctor to see what biomarkers, if any, should be tested. 

Where to get it: Your doctor should be able to run additional lab tests if you have a medical need for them, but you can also try a direct-to-consumer service like Function or Inside Tracker.

Typical cost: Free one time a year with most insurance providers (for the basics), but around $500 for the DTC services. 

(10/06/2024) Views: 313 ⚡AMP
by Runner’s World
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How Many Calories Do You Actually Burn While Running?

Most people overestimate how many calories they torch while running. Here’s how to figure out your numbers—and tips to boost the burn.

There are so many reasons to run, including spending time in nature, taking a break from scrolling social media, and hanging with like-minded people. One of the most common reasons people turn to the sport: to boost physical and mental health. In fact, three out of four runners say staying healthy and in shape is a primary motivation for lacing up, according to a survey from Running USA. 

For many people, “staying healthy and in shape” translates to burning calories and keeping weight in check, and running is a top activity for revving your heart rate and blasting calories. But just how many calories do you burn running one mile? 

Turns out most people don’t know the answer: When runners completed both moderate- and vigorous-intensity workouts on a treadmill, they greatly overestimated how many calories they burned—some by as much as 72 percent—in a 2016 study in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 

So let’s break down approximately how many calories the average runner burns over the course of one mile and how to calculate your calorie-burn rate, plus expert tips to raise that number.

How many calories does the average runner burn running one mile?

It’s difficult to generalize how many calories everyone would burn running one mile, as many factors play into your energy expenditure. But the general baseline is that runners burn about 100 calories per mile, April Gatlin, certified personal trainer and senior master coach for STRIDE Fitness in Chicago tells Runner’s World.

Two important factors that change that number are the intensity of your run and your weight, according to the 2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activity, which calculates the energy cost of physical activity based on metabolic equivalents (METs). 

Based on the MET chart, running a 10-minute mile (6 mph) is equivalent to about 9.3 METs. That means a 150-pound person (68 kilograms), would burn about 11 calories per minute or about 110 calories in a mile when running at 6 mph.

To calculate calories burned per minute using METs, follow this formula: METs x 3.5 x (your bodyweight in kilograms) / 200

Intensity and weight aren’t the only variables that can alter how many calories you burn running a mile, though. “Running mechanics play a big role in caloric expenditure—different aspects such as ground contact time, vertical motion, and muscular strength have a significant effect on the amount of calories that are burned or energy that is expended in terms of oxygen consumption,” Grace Horan, exercise physiologist at Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City tells Runner’s World. 

That oxygen consumption, along with fuel utilization—which is how our cells use carbs and fat for fuel—is what caloric expenditure is all about, she says. Because there’s more vertical motion (or bounce) in running compared with walking, that translates to higher calorie burn. “Your body is now not only using energy to travel horizontally but vertically as well,” Horan adds. 

What factors affect your one-mile calorie burn?

1. Weight

“The heavier the runner, the higher the calorie burn as their body is working harder to move forward,” says Gatlin. In fact, a 185-pound person burns nearly 100 calories more per 30 minutes of running at 5 mph compared with a 125-pound person, according to estimates from Harvard Medical School. 

2. Pace

Running a fast mile will burn a higher number of calories than a slow mile, says Gatlin, especially if you mix in speed intervals: “Intervals will burn more calories overall due to the varied high-to-low heart rate burst causing excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), which is an after-burn effect,” she explains. “That causes the body to continue to burn at the higher metabolic rate after the training is complete.”

The same holds true about running versus walking: People who ran a mile showed increased energy expenditure (read: calorie burn) for 15 minutes postworkout while those who walked the same distance increased the after-burn effect for only 10 minutes, according to a study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research in 2012, involving 15 males and 15 females. 

3. Sex

“There is also some evidence that gender plays a role in caloric expenditure, with females often burning less calories compared to their male counterparts when running at the same speed for the same distance,” says Horan. 

However, she notes, the difference in overall body mass between men and women is generally thought to be the primary cause for this.

4. Fitness, biomechanics, and genes

While concrete stats, such as speed and weight, contribute to calorie burn, so do fluctuating variables that are more difficult to count. “Burning calories is directly related to oxygen consumption, which is determined largely by the ability of the lungs to take in large amount of oxygen and the heart to pump oxygenated and nutrient-filled blood to the working muscles, so cardiorespiratory fitness [level] has a major effect [on calorie burn],” notes Horan. While there’s no simple way to incorporate these details into your calorie estimates, know that they do have a bearing.

In other words, while you can get a rough estimate of how many calories you burn over a given distance or time, remember that these are just estimates. 

How can you estimate your personal calorie burn?

In addition to the MET equation mentioned above, Runner’s World has a calories burned calculator to help. Pop in your weight, along with how far you ran and how long it took you, and it’ll pinpoint approximately how many calories you expended on that outing. 

While this does take some variables into account (i.e., your weight and speed), it doesn’t factor in extras like your fitness level or what kind of terrain you covered. For example, if your course was totally flat, you likely torched slightly fewer calories than if you’d encountered tons of hills, according to Gatlin.

How can you increase the calorie burn of your one-mile run?

1. Add in speed

The higher your effort during a run, the more calories you’ll burn per minute, which also means you can expend more energy in less time the faster you run. 

Research backs this up: A study published in 2019 found that high-intensity interval training (doing 10 reps of one-minute intervals at 100 percent of VO2 max with one minute of recovery) took less time to reach the same energy expenditure of a moderate-intensity workout (going for 35 minutes at 65 percent of VO2 max).

Another study, published in 2013, also found that sprint interval training can increase total daily energy expenditure after one session. 

2. Tackle hills

Heading to a hilly course outside (or cranking up the incline on a treadmill) is great for torching calories, because it’s as if you’re adding resistance training to the workout, notes Gatlin. That’s because your lower-body muscles perform at a higher level of mechanical work to increase your potential energy on an incline, compared with level or downhill running, according to a 2016 article in Sports Medicine.

3. Break up your run

Planning to run three miles today? If you break them up into three one-mile runs throughout the day and run each of those at a faster pace than you’d run one steady-state run, you’ll boost the calorie burn, says Gatlin. 

The reason: It goes back to that afterburn effect—you burn more calories when you’re done running—as well as the ability to turn those shorter runs into higher-intensity exercise. 

What other benefits do you gain from running a mile?

All this being said, frying calories is hardly the only benefit of a running routine. Opt to run instead of walk a mile and you will also boost your aerobic capacity, muscular endurance, and metabolic rate, says Gatlin.

Additionally, running improves your overall health by warding off all kinds of medical issues. “It’s heavily supported that increasing aerobic capacity through running has been linked to decreases in incidence of many health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, and some forms of cancer,” says Horan. Plus, “recreational running on a regular basis also creates favorable conditions for bone formation, which leads to increased bone mineral density and decreased risk of fractures.”

Even slow, short runs have fantastic health benefits. One study that followed more than 55,000 Americans over 15 years found that those who ran less than a 10-minute-per-mile pace for five to 10 minutes a day had significantly reduced risk for all causes of death.

So even if you come to running for the calorie burn, there are good reasons (lots of them!) to keep coming back for an all-over health boost. 

(10/05/2024) Views: 331 ⚡AMP
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Olympic Champions Are Wearing This $200 Cooling Headband. Does It Actually Boost Performance?

A new study tests the performance claims of Omius’ unique looking headband worn by Olympic legends Sifan Hassan and Eliud Kipchoge.

As the best men’s marathoners in the world prepared to race in Paris last month, Jake Leschly was waiting at the 3K mark, peeping over the shoulder of the spectator next to him, who was streaming the race broadcast on his phone. Leschly is the CEO of a small three-person company called Omius, which makes a bulky, futuristic-looking headband that purports to keep you cool—and he was about to get a pleasant surprise: “They introduce Kipchoge,” Leschly recalls, “and I’m like, ‘Son of a bitch, he’s wearing it!’”

Omius’s headband first showed up in the triathlon world back in 2019. The fledgling company took a hiatus during the pandemic, but resumed sales in 2022. Triathletes have been enthusiastic: according to Leschly, 43 of the 53 pros at last year’s Women’s Ironman World Championship in Kona wore it, along with a third of the 2,000 age-group competitors.

But the headband’s conspicuous presence at this summer’s Olympic marathons—along with Kipchoge, other notables wearing it included Sifan Hassan and Hellen Obiri, the gold and bronze medalists in the women’s race, and Bashir Abdi, the silver medalist in the men’s race—brought it to a new audience. In the

The one simple trick that Omius relies on is to increase the surface area available for evaporation. The headband contains 20 cooling units, each of which consists of nine mini-towers of porous and heat-conducting graphite. Overall, this increases the surface area of the relevant patch of your forehead by a factor of five. The cooling units can be swapped in and out; Omius also makes visors and caps, and is developing other garments.

As long as you keep the headband damp and have airflow passing across it, water will evaporate from this large surface area, drawing heat away from your forehead and creating a cooling effect. Sweat can help moisten the cooling units, but in most situations you’ll need to periodically splash or spray them with water. You’ll generate enough airflow simply by running outdoors, but to use the headband indoors on a treadmill or stationary bike, you’ll need a fan. Leschly advises against cycling outdoors with it, because the cooling units don’t have appropriate impact properties.

The one simple trick that Omius relies on is to increase the surface area available for evaporation. The headband contains 20 cooling units, each of which consists of nine mini-towers of porous and heat-conducting graphite. Overall, this increases the surface area of the relevant patch of your forehead by a factor of five. The cooling units can be swapped in and out; Omius also makes visors and caps, and is developing other garments.

As long as you keep the headband damp and have airflow passing across it, water will evaporate from this large surface area, drawing heat away from your forehead and creating a cooling effect. Sweat can help moisten the cooling units, but in most situations you’ll need to periodically splash or spray them with water. You’ll generate enough airflow simply by running outdoors, but to use the headband indoors on a treadmill or stationary bike, you’ll need a fan. Leschly advises against cycling outdoors with it, because the cooling units don’t have appropriate impact properties.

You might think that the goal of sucking all this heat from your forehead is to cool your whole body down. That’s been the claim for some previous cooling devices, like palm-coolers that purported to lower your core temperature. But Omius isn’t going down that road. “It obviously does not change your core temperature,” Leschly says. “Nothing changes your core temperature.” Instead, he says, it’s a local effect that makes you feel cooler, enabling you to go faster. That’s not a crazy claim: one study, for example, found that applying a tiny amount of heat through a heat pad caused cyclists to slow down even though their core temperature didn’t change. But it makes Omius’s claims much harder to test.

Desroches’s study involved ten volunteers who completed a running test twice: once with the real headband and once with the sham headband. The test involved 70 minutes of running in a heat chamber set to 95 degrees Fahrenheit with 56 percent humidity at a predetermined moderate pace, followed by an all-out 5K time trial. The researchers measured all sorts of physiological data, including core temperature with a rectal thermometer, skin temperature with four different probes, and forehead temperature

It’s probably worth mentioning that the basic headband with cooling pieces currently costs $204. That’s considerably more than other cooling options like, say, pouring water on your head. As it happens, there’s another new study, just published in the International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance by a team led by Samuel Chalmers of the University of South Australia, that explores the benefits of pouring water on yourself during hot runs.

While the details differ, the two studies are remarkably similar. In this case, 13 runners did a 10K time trial followed an hour later by a 60-minute moderate run, in a room set at 87 degrees Fahrenheit and 47 percent humidity. They completed this protocol twice; in one of the sessions, they poured two cups of water over their head, face, and arms every 2.5K or ten minutes. As with the headband, water dousing made them feel cooler and lowered their skin temperature, but didn’t change their core temperature. There is one key difference compared to the headband, though: they ran 1.0 percent faster in the water dousing time trial, which was a statistically significant benefit.

Because of the differences in protocol—the lack of a placebo trial

(09/28/2024) Views: 452 ⚡AMP
by Outside online
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The Best Marathon Racing Shoes (2024)

After a year of testing, we've identified 12 marathon shoes that will boost your performance and make the race more enjoyable

While training undeniably has the biggest impact on your marathon performance, there’s one more thing you can do to ensure you’re ready to give your best on race day: invest in a pair of marathon racing shoes.

An effective marathon racing shoe can help reduce the repeated impact that miles after miles put on your legs while allowing you to get more energy out of each footstrike. Even more importantly, the right marathon racing shoe will provide you with a platform that is stable and cushioned enough to carry you through 26.2 miles in security and comfort. We’ve spent the last year rigorously testing every option on the market to help you easily pick the perfect pair for you.

Seven years after the debut of the first super shoe, the thick-stacked, carbon-plated racers are ubiquitous at the front of every marathon and increasingly common among runners in the pack looking to optimize their performance. These shoes have been lab-proven to improve running economy by a few percentage points, making it easier to maintain a faster pace. Runners also report that, when running in a super shoe that complements their stride, they experience less muscular fatigue as well.

These are some of the super shoes that our testers found most comfortable and effective at marathon pace, but your experience may vary (as we found when we had three testers compare 16 super shoes. Every super shoe boasts some sort of ultralight, hyper-responsive foam with an embedded, curved carbon-fiber plate—but each delivers a surprisingly unique ride. You’ll have to experiment to find one that gives you wings.

See our “How to Choose Marathon Shoes” section at the bottom of this article for more guidance on whether you should consider a super shoe and how to select a pair that works for your stride.

Designed specifically for marathons, the Alphafly set a new standard as the fastest marathon shoe ever when Eliud Kipchoge wore them while breaking the 2-hour barrier in a staged marathon, clocking 1:59:40.2 in October 2019.

Now, in its third iteration, the Alphafly 3 continues to dominate as the ultimate marathon racing shoe. Designed with Nike’s Air Zoom Units in the forefoot and a PEBA-based midsole, our more competitive, efficient testers praised the Alphafly 3 for its bouncy, energy-efficient ride.

Subtle adjustments to the shoe’s geometry, including a wider footprint and carbon fiber plate, paired with repositioned Air Zoom Units and strategically sculpted midsole, give the Alphafly 3 a distinctly different feel from its predecessor. These changes effectively address some of the issues found in the Alphafly 2, which many felt was heavy and clunky compared to the original.

The new Alphafly 3 is surprisingly nimble, weighing in as the lightest Alphafly to date. Even running as fast as 5k pace, I found the Alphafly responded quickly, encouraging a fast turnover. That said, it may be too sharp of a tool for some runners, as those who require a stable stance may find it a bit wobbly, especially in the heel.

The redesigned Atomkit 3.0 upper is about as race-y as you can get—extremely light and airy. Though a bit tough to put on because of its tightly woven mesh (like previous models), the new upper is highly breathable and secure, with sawtooth laces that stay tied tight throughout the marathon. You can read our full Alphafly 3 review and how it compared to other racers in our .

A stark contrast to On’s previous carbon fiber racing shoe, the firm-feeling Cloudboom Echo, the Cloudboom Strike is soft, bouncy, and fun to run in. Runners who can maintain their balance on what is a fairly unstable platform are rewarded with a lively, highly cushioned ride that’s comfortable and responsive, making it ideal for long-distance efforts.

The secret to the Strike’s sweet ride lies with the insole. On swapped out the traditional Strobel (a thin layer connecting the upper to the sole) and sockliner for a thick, removable layer of high-energy PEBA foam, thus increasing the amount of performance-enhancing foam underfoot. The result is a legal racer with cushioning that feels like it exceeds the World Athletics’ maximum stack height.

The smooth, ultra-cushioned ride is surprisingly quick for such a thick shoe, responding nimbly even when exceeding 5k pace. The shoe accommodated both long-striding testers and those who prefer to turn over faster.

The Cloudboom Strike fit runs long enough that you might consider sizing down by half a size. However, the one-piece mesh upper, which breathes well and effectively repels moisture, easily cinches down for a secure foot hold. You can read our full Cloudboom Strike review.

The Asics Metaspeed Sky Paris gives runners the best of both worlds—a highly energetic, cushioned feel and a stable ride. Super shoes’s tall, thick midsoles often create a wobbly sensation, forcing your stabilizing muscles to work harder to maintain balance.

The key to the Metaspeed Sky Paris’s stability is its wide base under the forefoot, coupled with an updated, wider carbon fiber plate. This makes the Metaspeed Sky Paris an excellent choice for beginner, intermediate, or unstable runners who want to enjoy the benefits of super shoe technology while still having a supportive, predictable platform. One back-of-the-pack tester noted that the broad base provided a “smooth ride, and the running dynamics worked extremely well with my foot and my own personal gait.”

The shoe’s stability, however, doesn’t compromise its stride-lengthening performance for experienced, efficient marathoners. Testers found that the Metaspeed Sky had the ability to work well for a wide range of runners and paces.

The shoe also has a new, more pliable and comfortable mesh upper and midsole foam that’s approximately 8 percent lighter and, Asics says, has an 8.2 percent better energy return over the previous model. The best part: The shoe got nearly an ounce lighter, making it one of the lightest marathon-racing options. You can read more about the Asics Metaspeed Sky Paris in our .

The groundbreaking adidas Adizero Adios Pro Evo 1 shatters the mold as the lightest super shoe ever made, weighing nearly 2 ounces less than the next lightest super shoe. Yet from the outset, I was amazed that a shoe this light could have this much cushioning.

The Pro Evo 1’s rocker is long and aggressive, curving up to a high toe spring (elevation of the toe box). Initially, at well-below marathon speeds, it felt forced and unnatural. However, once I picked it up to around marathon pace and my toes engaged with the steep curve, I sensed a smooth rolling action that energetically pushed me forward. I believe marathoners averaging seven-minute miles or faster will see the most benefit from these.

Besides being the lightest super shoe on the market, the Evo 1 also claims the title of the most expensive. That, coupled with initial talk of the shoe only working for a single marathon, makes the Evo 1 a big investment. Our test pair, however, lasted nearly 200 miles before the midsole showed signs of wear. While not every runner can expect similar durability, those with an efficient stride should enjoy everything the Evo 1 has to offer much longer than a single marathon. You can read our full review and durability test.

The challenge with super-soft, highly responsive cushioning in super shoes is that they often lack stability, demanding an efficient stride to maintain control as they first squish, then bounce back strongly, magnifying forces—whether propulsive or unbalanced. For runners seeking a more stable carbon fiber shoe without losing the performance benefits, the Brooks Hyperion Elite 4 offers a firmer underfoot feel than most.

Instead of the heavily cushioned sink and trampoline-like bounce of many of today’s super shoes, the nitrogen-infused DNA Flash V2 midsole is extremely responsive, pushing back against the foot immediately and ready to pounce on the pace when needed. That lively firmness, combined with a curved carbon fiber plate embedded in the rockered midsole, gives the Brooks Hyperion Elite 4 a smooth, stable, and forward-propelling ride.

In terms of fit and feel, Brooks nailed the basics. The thin, breathable mesh upper perfectly embodies a racing shoe’s ideal—minimalistic, with a secure midfoot lockdown that makes you feel firmly in control.

These are not for you if you prefer a highly cushioned, springy running experience. However, if you feel bounced around by most super shoes and want a firmer-feeling shoe that offers a good mix of stability and fast-rolling performance, the Brooks Hyperion Elite 4 is the shoe you’re looking for. You can read more about the Brooks Hyperion Elite 4.

With a ride that feels like bouncing on a pogo stick, the Hoka Cielo X1 delivers unmatched spring with every stride. Designed with two layers of über-responsive PEBA foam separated by a winged carbon fiber plate and a severe, heel-to-toe rocker profile, testers marveled at how much fun these shoes were. One tester described running in them as “feeling effortless,” adding, “It almost feels like you’re cheating when you’re wearing these shoes.”

However, a few testers had mixed reactions to the shoe’s prescriptive geometry. The stiff platform and aggressive rocker design seemed most effective for a midfoot strike and within a narrow pace range, specifically around six to eight minutes per mile for our testers.

Another knock concerned the shoe’s stiff, ribbon-like shoe laces. Nearly every tester commented on how difficult it was to get a tight, dialed-in knot. Still, if you can get past the less-than-ideal lacing—or choose to swap them out entirely—and are comfortable in the pace range sweet spot, the ride is worth it and could deliver a fun, fast marathon.

Cielo X1 clocks in at a hefty 9.3 ounces for mens size 9 and for womens size 10, making it the heaviest super shoe on the market. Thanks to the high-energy foam, however, we still found it held its own in the super shoe pack when it came to performance. You can read more about the Hoka Cielo X1.

Unfortunately, there are not a ton of options when it comes to highly cushioned zero drop racing shoes. Fortunately, the only option is a really good one. Now in its second iteration, the Altra Vanish Carbon 2 features three more millimeters of softer, more flexible underfoot cushioning heel to toe. Embedded in the soft, nitrogen-infused, TPE-based midsole is a full-length carbon fiber plate that adds a bit of stabilizing and propulsive stiffness without feeling controlling.

The Vanish Carbon 2’s midsole doesn’t have as dramatic a trampoline sensation as some other marathon racing shoes, but it delivers a smooth, cushioned ride that’s hard to beat. Even as someone who typically struggles with zero-drop shoes, I found the Vanish Carbon 2 enjoyable and surprisingly easy to run in, thanks to the high stack and rockered profile. Testers said the low heel helped increase their cadence and kept them more on their toes.

Despite not having a ton of structure, the lightweight, breathable mesh upper does a surprisingly good job of securing your midfoot while your toes have room to splay in Altra’s signature wide toe box. You can read more about the Altra Vanish Carbon 2.

When it comes to replicating the performance benefits of road super shoes for the trail, shoemakers have struggled to achieve the same level of success. The adidas Terrex Speed Ultra is a standout exception. Designed with one of the most aggressive rockered profiles on a trail running shoe, the Terrex Speed Ultra feels awkward initially, almost like you’re walking downhill.

However, once you get accustomed to the unique profile that wants to push you forward, you’re rewarded with a propulsive ride unlike any other trail running shoe. Inside, the high-performance TPEE (Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer) midsole incorporates a four-pronged, slightly flexible PEBA-based rod system, providing extra stiffness to the soft foam without creating instability on technical terrain. While it manages well on groomed or rocky sections, like most highly cushioned trail shoes, it’s not designed for prolonged precise technical maneuvering.

Staying true to its race-ready design, the upper is razor-thin and slightly padded to keep weight at a minimum. The quick-drying synthetic material, combined with a gusseted tongue and sawtooth lacing that bites like a threatened rattlesnake, provides excellent midfoot lockdown. The only drawback is the unstructured heel counter, which can cause some heel lift if the laces aren’t pulled extra tight. You can read our full review of the Adidas Agravic Terrex Speed Ultra.

Not everyone wants or needs a super shoe when covering 26.2 miles. Here are some top options without a rigid carbon-fiber plate, sorted with consideration for specific needs and preferences.

Supershoes’ tall, highly cushioned soles create an unstable and wobbly platform, especially for beginner runners who spend more time in contact with the ground than their faster counterparts. Plus their rigid, curved plates dictate how the foot rolls, and are tuned to be optimal for fast, efficient runners.

Puma’s Deviate Nitro 3 combats these issues by combining two foams, a softer one closer to the foot with a firmer one closer to the ground, separated by a semi-flexible carbon-fiber composite plate. This design offers most of the cushioning and propulsive benefits of a super shoe, without the instability or the prescriptive stride control.

What sets the Deviate Nitro 3 apart most, however, is its remarkable ability to deliver a smooth ride at any pace. There’s nothing restrictive about the shoe—it adapts to your running speed and performs effortlessly, making it double as a great everyday trainer as well as a racing shoe.

Keeping comfort in mind, the upper features an engineered knit mesh with moderately padded heel collar. Testers felt the fit was true to size with a small amount of stretch throughout the upper to accommodate foot swelling or irregularities, such as bunions. The stretchy laces received mixed reviews, as one found he needed to keep tightening them to feel secure during the run. You can read our full review of the Puma Deviate Nitro 3.

When the Saucony Tempus first came out, we were blown away by its ability to control the soft, unstable nature of a PEBA midsole without taking away its high-energy, performance-enhancing benefits. Keeping everything the same underfoot, but adding a better fitting, more breathable mesh upper, the Tempus 2 continued to wow us with its supportive, yet lively ride.

The combination of soft, bouncy PEBA foam and a firmer EVA frame that uniquely wraps over and under the high-performance core helps guide the foot into a more stable position, making it perfect for beginners, or any runner, who may struggle with foot alignment, particularly during a long and exhausting marathon. The moderate stack height of 33mm in the heel and 25mm in the forefoot strikes a perfect balance—not so thick and cushioned that you can’t push off effectively, yet not so thin that it compromises comfort. The dual foam midsole, without a plate, provides ample underfoot protection while still allowing for a good sense of ground feel and accommodates any stride pattern.

The main drawback is that it’s relatively heavy for a racing shoe (while light for a trainer). Weighing 9.4 ounces for men and 8.2 ounces for women, it’s the heaviest shoe on our list. However, if you prioritize stability and want to tap into the performance benefits of PEBA in a supportive but not prescriptive shoe, this is still the top choice on the market.

Known for its wide toe box designs, Topo has mastered the balance of offering plenty of space for your toes while ensuring a secure midfoot lockdown. One of only four shoes in this roundup without a plate in the midsole, the Topo Specter 2 delivers a more natural and flexible experience than your stiff-plated super shoe or super trainer. A generous layer of Pebax foam underfoot is tuned firmer than usual, but still delivers its signature bouncy ride. One tester described the midsole as “firm and springy with a lot of response,” adding, “the shoe feels airy and fast with the perfect balance of stiffness versus flex.”

Testers found the Specter 2 incredibly versatile. It delivers the same ease and comfort on easy run days as it does on uptempo runs or races, thanks to its highly cushioned, responsive, and adaptable sole, and low overall weight.

Where the shoe truly stands out, however, is in its fit. One tester said about Topo shoes, “They’ve gone from being one of my least favorite brands to offering some of the best-fitting shoes I’ve tested.” The wide toe box isn’t just for runners with wide feet. Even our runners with regular-width feet appreciated the extra space, once they got used to their toes having room for their natural positioning and splay.

As foams have evolved to be increasingly lighter, marathon racing shoes are getting thicker and more cushioned. Rather than allowing your foot to react to the ground and move naturally, these thick-soled shoes blunt the underfoot feel and dictate how your foot moves through the gait cycle to various degrees. While this works well for some runners, others prefer a more minimalist ride.

If you’re the kind of runner who finds today’s cushioned shoes cumbersome and as restrictive as a stiff suit of armor, look no further. The Topo Cyclone 2 is a free and flexible lightweight racer that lets your foot control the shoe, not the other way around. Testers described the ride as “nimble” and “flexible” with a “slipper-like” feel.

The Cyclone 2’s Pebax midsole delivers the soft feel and springy response of a super shoe, but the comparatively thin stack height (28mm/23mm) keeps the squish and bounce moderate, and lets you feel the ground under the cushioning. You won’t find a plate embedded in the flexible midsole; instead there’s a slight rocker profile to help smooth the transition from stance to toe-off.

We’ve always found Topo Athletic makes some of the best-fitting shoes on the market, and the Cyclone certainly follows suit. A tailored midsection with excellent lockdown gives way to a roomy anatomical toe box. You can read our full review of the Topo Cyclone 2

There are a few factors beginner runners should consider before choosing a carbon fiber shoe. First, most carbon fiber running shoes are designed with fast, efficient runners in mind. Studies have shown that slower runners get less improvement in their running economy from the shoes, and the shoes actually make running harder for a significant number.

If you have developed solid mechanics, you may benefit from a carbon fiber shoe. However, if your form is still a work in progress, the stiffness of the carbon plate and the hyper-responsiveness of the foam could actually magnify poor mechanics, reduce your performance, and increase the risk of injury.

Additionally, every carbon fiber shoe is built differently—the placement and shape of the carbon plate, geometry of the midsole and properties of the foam all are different, model to model. This means no two carbon plated shoes will run exactly the same. It’s important to match your individual gait to a carbon fiber shoe by testing several options for the one that feels the best. In general, beginners should be cautious and make sure they’re fully comfortable in carbon fiber shoes before racing in them.

Our exhaustive testing process involves evaluating every marathon racing shoe on the market, sometimes as long as over a year, with input from more than 20 experienced wear-testers. They each fill out a detailed testing questionnaire evaluating key points such as fit, comfort, cushioning, and speed. The completed questionnaires are compiled and combined with testing feedback from lead tester Cory Smith, who brings over a decade of experience testing running shoes for Outside. Shoes that excel in specific areas are then ranked and categorized in relation to their strengths.

Cory Smith, a former Division One runner at Villanova University, has been running since the mid-1990s. With over a decade of experience testing and reviewing running apparel and shoes for publications like Outside and Runner’s World, he continues to compete as a masters athlete, boasting a masters personal best of 4:31 in the mile at the age of 44. He consistently logs 30 to 40 miles per week on roads, trails, and the track.

.Those looking for a low-profile, flexible ride with some support might consider the Brooks Hyperion 2 GTS, which has a moderate stack height (31.5–23.5mm), responsive cushioning, and gently guides the gait with firmer, raised sidewalls alongside the rearfoot.

After dedicating countless hours to marathon training, it’s just as crucial to invest time and effort into choosing the right running shoe for race day. Unlike your everyday trainer, a marathon racing shoe must strike a balance between providing enough stability to maintain your form over 26.2 miles and offering sufficient cushioning to protect your legs from the constant impact, while not weighing you down or holding you back. Here’s what you must consider when buying the ideal marathon racing shoes.

As running shoes become thicker and softer, they can start to feel unstable and wobbly. This instability forces the stabilizing muscles in your feet and legs to work harder, which can lead to premature fatigue and even injury. To prevent this, it’s crucial to choose a marathon racing shoe that provides a stable enough platform for your stride, ensuring consistent support throughout the race, even when you grow tired and your stride becomes less efficient. Stability is built into a marathon racing shoe by using embedded plates, firmer midsoles, a widened base, and a more structured heel counter and rearfoot hold.

Cushioning refers to the perceived underfoot firmness of a running shoe. While cushioning levels are a matter of personal preference, wearing softer running shoes during the marathon can be beneficial. One 2022 study with 32 recreational runners found that wearing highly cushioned running shoes improved performance by 5.7 percent and reduced oxygen consumption by 3.2 percent during incremental treadmill tests. However, runners must balance cushioning benefits with stability and propulsion needs.

Given the length of the marathon it’s crucial to make sure your marathon racing shoes fit well. Since over the course of the 26.2 miles your feet may swell, you should make sure you have enough room in the toe box to accommodate this swelling. A good general rule of thumb is to make sure you have at least a thumb’s width of space between your longest toe and the front of the shoe. You should be able to wiggle your toes without them bumping up against the front of the shoe. While you want space for your toes to splay, the upper should hold your foot securely around the heel and instep.

While this is a highly debated topic, the current thinking is to limit the amount of time spent training in carbon fiber plated shoes. These shoes are built with a thick, highly cushioned, and unstable platform, and a rigid rocker profile. Unlike more flexible running shoes that allow your foot to move naturally, carbon fiber shoes dictate the way your feet strike the ground and roll forward, potentially altering your natural gait, which can lead to injury. In addition, the powerful bounce magnifies any instability, causing more stress on your muscles, tendons, and joints. Ideally, limit your carbon-plated shoes to race day and a few speed sessions. Super trainers—with the same high-end foams but more flexible plates—can be a great alternative for weekly speed sessions or fast-finish long runs.

The length of marathon racing shoes varies on a runner’s weight, stride efficiency, and model of shoe. Typically, lighter runners who have an efficient stride will realize longer shoe lifespans, while heavier runners who spend more time on the ground will see less. Generally speaking, you should get somewhere around 100 to 200 miles from your marathon racing shoes before the midsole begins to decompress. Visual cues, such as worn down outsole, uneven midsole compression, or holes in the upper, can be your best indicator of it being time to replace your marathon shoes. Outside of that, I’ve found if you start to question whether it’s time to replace your shoes, it’s usually time.

(09/21/2024) Views: 616 ⚡AMP
by Outside Online
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I Tried Training for a Half-Marathon and Failed—These Are the Five Things I'll Do Differently Next Time

Here's how I plan to prepare to run a successful half-marathon after learning the hard way.

As a kid, I always looked up to my older brother as the embodiment of athleticism. He was a great runner, and his achievements in the world of competitive racing were awe-inspiring. With each race he conquered, he fueled my desire to follow in his footsteps. But there was one small problem: I didn’t seem to have inherited the natural running gene that he had, and my short-lived eighth-grade cross-country record was proof of that. 

However, as an adult, I wanted to give my running career another shot, so I challenged myself to run a half-marathon. Unfortunately, I lost the motivation to train and gave up around the 8-mile mark, never making it to race day. Looking back on my failed attempt, it's evident there were a few key errors from the start that left me struggling to find my stride. While I’m not actively training, I run regularly and finishing a half-marathon is a goal of mine in the future. Here are the five things I'll do differently the next time I train for a half-marathon.

1. Stay Hydrated

One of my biggest missteps while training was underestimating the importance of hydration. I simply didn’t drink enough water before, during or after my runs. I’d often finish my runs feeling drained, dehydrated and unable to recover as quickly as I could have. When you exercise and sweat, your body loses electrolytes and water, so it’s important to replenish those stores by drinking water. By not staying hydrated, I ended up with a weaker workout. 

To ensure I stay hydrated when I train again for a half-marathon, I'll be relying on my trusty Stanley water bottle. It holds 40 ounces of water, so I don't have to worry about constantly filling up throughout the day. Currently, I fill my water bottle up before bed and place it on my nightstand so I start hydrating as soon as I wake up. This is a habit that leaves me more hydrated overall, and I plan to continue doing this the next time I train. I’ll also be incorporating electrolyte-rich beverages like Gatorade into my post-run routine. It's packed with sodium and potassium, two essential minerals that are lost while you sweat. With my new approach toward hydration, I already feel better during my runs and know that I’ll see the same results when I start training again.

2. Eat a More Balanced Diet

When I first attempted to take running seriously, I wasn’t fueling my body properly. As much as I love McDonald’s Free Fries Friday, I quickly realized habits like these weren’t helping me accomplish my goals. It became evident that a balanced eating pattern with complex carbs and protein was a missing piece of the puzzle. Complex carbs like whole grains, fruits and vegetables have become my go-to choices. They provide a steady release of energy, which helps support stable energy levels and avoid those dreaded spikes and crashes during longer runs. Mindfully incorporating complex carbs into my diet once I start training again, especially before long workouts, may make a noticeable difference in my energy levels.

Meanwhile, incorporating enough protein into my diet has been crucial for my recovery after runs. Often if my legs were sore, I would use it as an excuse to skip a workout and take a recovery day. But the soreness I was experiencing was from pushing my muscles to grow and work harder than they were used to. Eating enough protein is important to ensure you’re getting the amino acids that may help the maintenance, repair and growth of muscles. Next time around, by mindfully eating a balanced amount of protein, I can improve my endurance during training.

3. Get a Running Buddy

One practice that I started during my weekly runs, and plan to add when I train for a half-marathon again, is running with a buddy. Running can sometimes feel like a solitary endeavor, but having someone by your side can make it so much more motivating. The joy of sharing the experience with someone else, specifically my roommate, has turned each dreaded workout into a fun, social activity. And while having fun is more than enough reason to run with a partner, we also help each other stay motivated and accountable. Plus, it’ll be fun to share the finish line with someone I know!

 

4. Switch Up Running Locations 

During my first attempt at training, I found myself opting for the treadmill located in my apartment's fitness center. It was undoubtedly convenient, and I didn’t have to face the crisp morning air. But running indoors quickly became monotonous and sucked all the joy out of my workout—that’s why I’ll be running outside next time. Whether it’s a scenic trail, through a beautiful park or simply just around my neighborhood, the landscape changes with every step and makes running feel more special. Plus, the different terrain offers a variety of challenges as the elevation rises and falls. Running outdoors also keeps my mind engaged by the evolving environment. When I enjoy my surroundings more, I become less focused on the distance left to go and more entertained by the experience of my run. I think this simple change will make the 13 miles fly by.

5. Change My Mindset

During my treadmill workout phase, I used to be fixated on maintaining a specific pace, and if I fell short, I’d get frustrated. However, my perspective on running and training underwent a significant shift, and I have come to realize that mindset is everything. Next time around, I will go in with the mindset that true pride isn’t found in the digits on the stopwatch, but in the commitment, dedication and mental strength that is poured into training. I understand now that chasing a speed is not an accomplishment. Shifting to this perspective will be a challenge, especially for someone with a competitive nature like mine, but it’ll allow me to savor each run and recognize that the ultimate reward is the personal growth I’ll experience along the way.

(09/09/2024) Views: 278 ⚡AMP
by Jessica Ball, M.S., RD
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Boost Your VO2 Max with These 5 Expert-Recommended Workouts

Learn more about this metric and the best training sessions to add to your schedule to boost your cardio fitness.Running at the best of your ability is somewhat of a numbers game. To hit new PRs, you’ll want to keep tabs on all kinds of stats, like distance covered, pace per mile (or interval), max heart rate, hours slept… We could go on. But at the end of the day, there’s one measurement that stands out for having a huge influence on performance enhancement: your VO2 max.

All About VO2 Max and What It Means

“VO2 max is a measure of the amount of oxygen your body can use while running or the maximum rate at which we can race a middle- or long-distance race,” says Juli Benson, Olympian and owner of Juli Benson Training. It’s a number that denotes what volume of oxygen (in milliliters per kilogram of bodyweight per minute) that your body delivers during activity. Simply put, it’s a gauge of your aerobic capacity.

If you’re interested in knowing your exact number, there are a few ways to measure it. The first, and most accurate, is to have it tested in a performance lab. That’s also pricey and the most uncomfortable, as you’ll have to endure a tough session at an all-out effort on a treadmill with a mask strapped to your face. 

Many new smartwatches also offer VO2 max approximations; some Garmin watches, for example, estimate your number based on data including heart rate and running pace, plus info about your max heart rate.

The easiest way to approximate your VO2 max is to use a simple equation, based on your max and resting heart rates: VO2 max = 15x (HR max/resting HR)

All that being said, you can train to improve your VO2 max, and your overall running performance, without calculating your exact number. Here’s how.The Best Types of Workouts to Boost VO2 Max

When it comes to improving your VO2 max, your genes play a huge role. However, “with good old-fashioned hard work, it’s possible to improve your VO2 max,” says Benson. 

Getting faster by way of VO2 max work is all about efficiency. “The higher your VO2 max, the faster or more efficiently you’ll be able to finish a race or training run—as your body moves the oxygen in the most effective manner,” says April Gatlin, ACE-certified personal trainer, master trainer, and coach for STRIDE Fitness. 

The best way to train your body to do just that is by regularly tackling intervals—both interval runs and HIIT sessions incorporating strength moves. The good news: While you need to do intervals regularly, it shouldn’t take long before you see gains. “If consistent in training to increase VO2 max, people should start to notice a difference in approximately six weeks,” says Gatlin. 

Research backs up the keys that unlock better VO2 max: Runners who did 200-meter interval workouts for only 10 weeks improved their aerobic capacity and VO2 max significantly more than runners who stuck to moderately-paced workouts, according to a 2018 study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Similarly, people who did HIIT sessions with intervals as short as 30 seconds for four weeks or less showed VO2 max improvements in a 2019 meta-analysis of studies published in the Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport; participants who did intervals closer to two minutes for four to 12 weeks showed even greater gains.

5 Workouts to Challenge Your VO2 Max

The best way to improve your VO2 max is to tap into the right heart-rate zone during those intervals. “In general, VO2 max work should be completed at about 90 to 100 percent of your max heart rate,” says Benson. That’s about the same as a 5K pace, and each of the five workouts below—recommended by Benson and Gatlin—include intervals at that approximate intensity. Feel free to dial it back a bit, Benson says, if you’re new to this type of training. Before each of these sessions, warm up by jogging for eight to 15 minutes, then do some dynamic stretches or range of motion drills, like high knees and leg swings, followed by a few reps of 20-second strides to prep your body to pick up the pace. 

The tough interval sections of the workouts can range from about 10 minutes for novices to 25 minutes for advanced runners; pick your reps below to dial into the right level for your fitness. It’s always smart to start on the lower end, see how it feels, and work your way up to more reps.

Benson recommends doing a VO2 max workout twice a month for newbies, up to once a week for more experienced runners. And for the biggest benefit, be careful not to schedule them the day after a long run or other challenging session. “These types of workout sessions should be done during the week and sandwiched between two very easy days of running, cross training, or rest days,” says Benson.

Workout 1: 1,000M Repeats

Run 1,000 meters at a 5K effort, then walk or jog for the same amount of time. Repeat 3 to 6 times. 

Workout 2: Two by Twos

Run for 2 minutes at a 5K effort, then walk or slowly jog for 2 minutes. Repeat 4 to 8 times.

Workout 3: Ladder

Run for 2 minutes and 30 seconds at 10K effort, rest for the same amount of time. Run 3 minutes and 30 seconds at 10K effort, rest for the same amount of time. Run 4 minutes and 30 seconds at 10K effort, rest for the same amount of time. Repeat entire set of intervals at 5K effort.Workout 4: Bodyweight AMRAP

Do 10 push-ups followed immediately by 10 bodyweight squats, then run 400 meters at a 5K or 10K pace. Repeat as many reps as possible for 20 minutes, resting when needed. 

Workout 5: EMOM Sprints

Sprint at a pace you can sustain for 10 to 15 seconds, then jog for the remainder of the minute. Repeat for 20 minutes. Work up to sprinting for 20 or 30 seconds each minute. 

(09/07/2024) Views: 299 ⚡AMP
by Men’s Health
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Three treadmill sessions to sidestep tricky weather

When the sun is blazing and temperatures soar, outdoor running can feel more like a test of survival than a fulfilling workout. But don’t let the heat melt your motivation—these three treadmill workouts are the perfect solution for staying cool while keeping your fitness on track.

Keep these sessions in your back pocket for any season. There are plenty of occasions when tackling the treadmill can be the difference between no workout and fitting in some serious training: when lightning lights up the sky, you’re traveling and only have access to a gym, or you’re trying to stay safe from treacherous, icy conditions.

It can take some practice to know what pace to adjust your treadmill to for specific efforts. Don’t worry if you’re unsure—approximating or adjusting as you go works just fine.

1.- The hill climber

This workout builds strength and endurance, simulating hill running without the outdoor heat, and is perfect for improving your power.

Skip the warmup and cooldown with this one; you’ll be starting the workout at a very easy pace.

Set your treadmill at a 1 per cent incline, then gradually increase the incline by 1 per cent every minute for 10 minutes. After reaching the peak, reduce the incline back to 1 per cent in the same gradual manner.

If this workout feels very challenging, lengthen the time at each gradient, or increase by only 0.5 every minute. Alternatively, if the workout isn’t challenging enough, increase by 2 per cent each minute—if your incline becomes too steep to run on, walking quickly will provide the same benefits.

2.- The speed interval blast

Interval training on the treadmill boosts cardiovascular fitness and increases your speed, making you faster and more resilient.

Warm up for 5 minutes at a comfortable pace.

Alternate between 1 minute of sprinting at 90 per cent of your max speed, and 2 minutes of running at a relaxed pace.

Repeat this cycle 8 times before a 5-minute easy cooldown.

3.- The tempo trainer

This workout enhances your lactate threshold, allowing you to run faster for longer periods without fatigue.

Warm up with 10 minutes of easy running,

Then, run at your tempo pace (a challenging pace, but one you can sustain for about an hour) for 20 minutes.

Finish with a 10-minute cooldown at an easy pace.

Running on a treadmill doesn’t have to be a monotonous chore. The right workouts can be a powerful tool to keep your fitness on track, even when the weather tries to slow you down. Make sure to follow a challenging session like this one with an easy running or rest day, and even though you’re not tackling the elements, hydrate well.

(08/28/2024) Views: 307 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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Experts Say You Should Ditch the Watch at Least Twice a Week and Run Based on Feel—Here’s Why

It’s time to incorporate more effort-based training into your schedule.Running is both an art and a science in many ways, and sometimes, you choose whether you want to lean into the former or the latter. Such is the case when running by feel (art) or pace (science).

Running by feel is also known as effort-based training or going by your rate of perceived exertion (RPE). “We define perceived exertion as your own subjective intensity of effort, strain, discomfort, or fatigue that you experience during exercise,” says Luke Haile, Ph.D., an associate professor in the Department of Health and Exercise Science at Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania. Your RPE is affected by numerous factors, from your emotional state to the weather to how well you slept the night before. “When you can understand it, it can really guide your training,” Haile says.

The easiest way to look at running by feel is on a scale of one to 10 (although some versions of RPE go up to 15 or 20), says Greg Laraia, a running coach at Motiv in New York City. One means you’re exercising with barely any effort at all while a 10 would be an all-out, can-barely-breathe effort. In practice, this looks like heading out to run at a six or seven for your easy runs (rather than at, say, 10-minute mile pace). 

If you know your body and your paces well, you can also run by feel sans RPE scale and just going off what an eight-minute mile ~feels~ like, for example. Experienced runners can get so good at knowing how a particular pace feels to them that they don’t even need the feedback from tech—they can simply decide that they want to run eight-minute miles and, more or less, nail it. 

But can ditching your watch and running by feel versus pace still get you to your goals? Read on to find out the pros and cons to both approaches, and how to know which is best for you. (Spoiler: Most likely, you’ll want to integrate a mix of both metrics!)

Pros of Running By Feel

“The real gift of running by feel is [that it’s] almost a mindfulness practice that, with training, allows you to feel how the body is in that moment and to take notice of how your feet feel, how your calves feel, down to your heart rate, breathing, noticing your sweating, and knowing what it feels like when you are at the right pace for a given goal,” says Haile.

The more in tune you get with your body and learn to listen to it, the more you learn when you have more to give to a run or when there’s something lurking under the surface, like an injury coming on, that isn’t allowing you to reach your full potential, Haile adds. 

Because of this, running by feel can help reduce your risk of injury or burnout, says Laraia. If you have a “bad” day but your training plan says you need to run at a higher heart rate zone or a particular pace, you might push yourself to hit that and overdo it. But if you’re running by feel, you keep your pace and heart rate in check (because it feels challenging enough). 

Cons of Running By Feel

For starters, running by feel may not be as accurate for novice runners: Haile and his team have conducted a number of experiments around RPE in both recreational and more experienced (not necessarily fast!) runners. 

“We’ll put somebody through a VO2 max test and see how hard they can actually go, then see how well they can reproduce intensities that are around that [same] anaerobic threshold because that’s really where race pace often lies,” says Haile. 

The verdict: The more experienced the runner, the better they tend to do at reproducing those same intensities. “To tell somebody that’s relatively inexperienced or beginner level to go out and sprint as hard as they can or run a 10 RPE, they might not run that hard,” says Laraia, because they don’t have context for what hard and really hard actually means. Four months later, it’s going to feel way different. (Still, he argues that this could be seen as a positive in some causes, because it shows there’s room for growth.)

Even for more experienced runners, though, accuracy varies. In one of Haile’s studies, published in the journal Perceptual Motor Skills, the 34 men involved in the research were less able to judge how hard they were actually working when running on a treadmill at relatively lower speeds and RPE, compared to working at a higher effort. Interestingly, “when intensity and RPE were higher, they had a finer perceptual acuity,” Haile says.

Another potential drawback is that it’s possible that running by feel can push runners too hard—or hold them back. “That’s where some of these other factors can come into play and cloud that mindful listening of the body,” says Haile. 

For example, maybe you’re exceeding your goal pace (or heart rate) because of some external motivational factors—like trying to run faster that your Strava friends—that are at play and this leads to overreaching. Or maybe there are emotional things going on that are causing you to feel things a little bit more physically when it’s not necessarily a physical issue. “We’ve all been in a place where emotionally it is draining and [that] doesn’t allow us to achieve what our body is actually capable of doing,” Haile says.

Finally, running by feel is more difficult to quantify. “There’s no measurable data,” Laraia says. “If you were to write down your RPE on paper, everyone’s looks the same because it’s based off the sensation that you’re feeling.”

Pros of Running by Pace

If you have a goal in mind, like a time goal for a race that’s attainable—and that’s a key word here—you want to take a more scientific approach, per Laraia. That could mean using your watch to nail a specific pace during each of your training runs. Doing so will enable you to hit the proper pace you need to achieve your race-day goal time. 

Practicing specific paces also allows you to test faster speeds and push your limits, which is important if your main goal is getting faster. If you’re running by feel all the time, it’s hard to see your progress in speed. 

As mentioned, running by pace may be the better bet for runners with less experience as it helps them to learn how it feels to stick to various paces, which they can then riff off of later in their training journey. To do that, you still want to tune into how you feel on the run, but you’re examining that based on the pace your running (rather than vice versa). Cons of Running by Pace

The main issue with this approach is that it doesn’t take into account all those aforementioned factors that can affect how you feel—physically and mentally—on a particular day. A 8:30-per-mile pace may feel easy on some days and really, really hard on others. 

“A lot of running, especially distance running, does come down to how you’re feeling mentally,” says Laraia, and he keeps this in mind when working with clients. “If they’re feeling great, by all means let’s go, but if they’re feeling shitty, I’m not going to force them to do a hard effort.” 

Again, pushing to hit a certain pace despite not feeling truly up for it can lead to injury and/or burnout. Take the long slow distance run for example: These efforts are meant to feel easy and should be done at a lower heart rate. If you’re trying to keep up with a specific pace, despite that pace actually feeling difficult, then you won’t gain the benefits of those long zone 2 efforts. 

Second, running by pace may drive runners to pursue unrealistic race goal times. With running by feel, you may realize that your original goal pace/finish time is too ambitious, and you can adjust accordingly. 

Pace vs Feel: How to Determine Which Metric Is Right for You

Everyone could probably benefit from running one or two runs per week by feel, based on all the above benefits! But just how much you lean into this artful approach depends on:

If you’re training for a race, whether it’s a 5K or a marathon, and have a particular time goal in mind, you’ll likely benefit from running most of your training runs by pace. And on race day, this becomes more important the longer the race is: “Sticking with pace early on especially is important when you don’t want to overdo it and then have nothing left or underdo it and then you have some left in the tank when the finish line’s already crossed,” Haile says. “Sometimes it seems that letting pace guide you early and then letting feel guide you later is something that works really well for runners.”

If you’re a new runner, it would be wise to opt for running by pace until you have enough runs under their belt to truly understand what various paces and efforts feel like. This is especially true if you eventually want to sign up for a race.

If you’re more experienced and/or aren’t training for a race (or don’t have a firm race-day goal), you may want to consider adding more runs by feel into your routine to benefit from the mindfulness aspect. 

Another option to add to the mix beyond running by pace versus feel would be to run based on your heart rate zones: Run your easy run at a low heart rate and your hard days in higher heart rate zones with your long runs in those middle ranges, Laraia explains. This somewhat straddles the line between running by pace and by feel as it’s more objective than the latter but more forgiving than the former. Tips for Running by Feel

Running by feel is a skill that you can improve. Haile suggests scheduling a couple of runs by feel per week, one easier and one harder, and during those sessions, pay extra attention to the different parts of your body and how you truly feel. You can’t know if a certain pace feels right, if you don’t really know what “right” is, after all. 

“When you’re really noticing it and feeling it (‘oh, that feels too fast’ or ‘this is too slow’) beyond whatever the [watch] is telling you, you can listen into your body and know that this is what is right [in this moment] given this heat or humidity or maybe this nice cool evening,” says Haile. 

Laraia also suggests taking some notes in a training journal after each run by feel. Consider how you felt at the start, middle, and end of the run and jot that down. You could then look at your watch data (even if you did not look during the run) to get a little more science- and data-driven and see where your heart rate was during each of those runs and cross-reference that with how you felt, per Laraia. Maybe mentally you felt great but your heart rate was a little elevated (for you). Having these little self check-ins is a good way to help make running by feel more accurate, Laraia explains.

“The biggest thing is just keeping in mind that it is just another tool in your toolbox versus an end-all be-all,” says Laraia. “It’s safe and it’s relatively reliable because it’s based on you, the person actually training or using it, which is great. The more time you practice and check in with yourself and either write it down or provide feedback to a coach, the better off you’ll be using it.”

(08/17/2024) Views: 347 ⚡AMP
by Runner’s World
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How long do super shoes last?

Super shoes are making headlines with every race. You know the ones—the feather-light, high-tech racing shoes with carbon fibre plates and cushy, energy-returning foam. Nike’s Vaporfly series, for example, has been rocking the running world since its debut. But how long do these super shoes last before they lose their magic? Here’s what the latest study, published in The Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Sports Science, has to say about it.

What makes super shoes so special?

The term “super” isn’t just marketing hype—these shoes have some serious tech under the hood (or rather, underfoot). But like any superhero, even super shoes have their kryptonite. The big question is, when do they start losing their powers?

What happens in the long run?

Researchers out of the University of Castilla-LaMancha in Toledo, Spain, in partnership with the kinesiology department at the University of Michigan, put two types of midsoles to the test: peba (the super bouncy stuff) and EVA (a more traditional foam), both types of shoes containing fibre plates and weighing approximately the same. They had 22 male runners lace up with both new and worn versions of these shoes and hit the treadmill for some serious mileage. Here’s what they found:

Peba midsole: When fresh out of the box, this material was the clear winner, giving runners a nearly two per cent boost in running economy. But after 450 km, the magic started to fade. The worn peba shoes showed a 2.28 per cent decline in running economy, which means more energy is needed to run at the same speed. If you’re planning to squeeze every last drop of performance out of these shoes, you might want to think twice before using them past their prime.

EVA midsole: While EVA didn’t give the same initial boost as peba, it held up like a champ over 450 km. No significant changes in running economy were noted, meaning your EVA shoes are more like a trusty sidekick—maybe not as flashy, but dependable over the long haul.

The takeaway

If you’re eyeing those super shoes for your next big race, know that they have a shelf life. The peba-based models will give you a noticeable edge when they’re new, but after 450 km, you might not get the same pep in your step. On the other hand, EVA midsoles might not give you the same initial wow factor, but they’re more durable over the long run.

If you’re planning to invest in a pair of super shoes, think about when and where you’ll use them. Want to crush a PB? Save those peba beauties for race day. Need something for everyday training? EVA might be your best bet. Just like your favourite energy gel, these high-tech shoes have an expiration date—so use them wisely.

(08/17/2024) Views: 338 ⚡AMP
by Running Magazine
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There Are Going to Be People Walking:’ A Look at the Grueling Olympic Marathon Course

Getting to run by all those historic spots requires some epic climbs and descents.The final weekend of the 2024 Paris Olympics will host back-to-back days of thrilling marathons. These prestigious races, set against the backdrop of two of France’s most iconic landscapes—Paris and Versailles—will weave through a tapestry of history, culture, and breathtaking scenery. They begin on August 10 with the men’s race, and then, in a nod to the 40th anniversary of the first women’s Olympic Marathon in Los Angeles, the Paris Olympics will conclude on August 11 with the women’s race for the first time in history.

Here are some of the key details you’ll want to know:

What sites will the runners pass?

It’s not a bad way to tour the area, and it’s quite different than the Paris Marathon that is held each April. Athletes will find themselves tracing a route that dances through nine arrondissements (neighborhoods) of Paris along the banks of the Seine. The runners will begin at the Hôtel de Ville, or city hall, and then pass landmarks such as the Palais Garnier opera house, Place Vendôme, the Louvre museum, and past the Trocadéro. 

Next, they will leave the city to run through historic French towns, including Sevres, on their way to Versailles. The return to the city is a different route and will take them through the Forêt Domaniale de Meudon, a forest. When back in the city, they will be on the Left Bank and run past the Eiffel Tower as well as Parisian neighborhoods. The race ends at the Esplanade des Invalides, in which Napoleon is buried.

This route is based on significant French history. In October 1789, between 6,000 and 7,000 Parisian women, joined by men, marched from the Hôtel de Ville through the city to Versailles. It was because of that march that Louis XVI agreed to ratify the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. The marathoners are symbolically running in their footsteps. 

How tough is the course?

Unlike some more recent Olympics and U.S. Marathon Trials races, this course isn’t a circuit of repeated loops. Instead, it’s a full loop starting in Paris and loops down to Versailles outside of the city. 

While the elevation profile for the first nine miles looks fairly tame, once the runners are past the halfway mark the landscape changes. The most notable course feature is the three uphill stretches—they’re incredibly steep and very long. 

The first big hill comes just before the 10-mile mark, and it climbs at a 4 percent grade, which is roughly the same as Boston’s famed Newton hills. The difference with the Paris version is that it ascends for about 1.25 miles before it levels off for a bit. (Boston’s longest hill is less than half a mile, according to Sean Hartnett, emeritus professor of geography at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, who specializes in marathon routes and other running competitions.)

The next hill at the 12-mile mark is at 5 percent, steeper than anything on the Boston course and 900 meters long. But those two are just appetizers for the real challenge. That hits just after the 18-mile mark. 

Runners will have to climb for 600 meters, at an average grade of 10.5 percent. Yes, picture putting your treadmill at 10 percent and trying to run up it at marathon pace. Hartnett calls it a “doozy” and struggles to find courses to compare it to. The Bix 7 in Davenport, Iowa, perhaps? Then he gives up. “It’s unlike anything in any competitive road marathon,” he said. (You can view a detailed description of the 15K-33K section as mapped by Hartnett here.)

In total, the route will include 1,430 feet of elevation gain. Possibly more challenging is the 1,437 feet of descent. The make-or-break point for the route might be just after that final brutal uphill, when they are bombing downhill—at some points at a gradient of 13.5 percent. Runners will have to be efficient going down, without pounding so much they trash their quads before the final flat stretch before the finish. To put the course into some more perspective, the World Marathon Majors that are considered the hilliest—Boston and New York City—each have an elevation gain of a little over 800 total feet. And for one final nugget, the average grade of the Mount Washington Auto Road Race is 12 percent. The course record for that 7.4-miler is at around 8:00 pace. 

This course will make the fastest marathoners in the world look almost human at times.

How do the marathoners feel about the course?

Pat Tiernan, an Olympian for Australia who is running the marathon, made two trips to Paris from his training base with Puma in North Carolina to examine the course. His first trip, in early April, was just to get a feel for the course. The second, in late May, was to train on it. 

“The first thing you notice,” Tiernan said in a phone call with Runner’s World, “is that it’s going to be a brutal course. There are going to be people walking.” 

If you look closely at the official Strava route, you can spot some U.S. Olympic marathoners on the leaderboards of the course’s toughest segments.

On April 10, U.S. team member Clayton Young did a 12.80-mile run on the hilliest section of the course, where he “pushed the uphills, chilled the downhills.” During the steepest climb—right before the mile 18 split—Young tackled a .44-mile segment in 3:09, giving him a modest average pace (for a world-class marathoner) of 7:01 per mile. But if you look at Strava’s “grade adjusted pace,” which factors in elevation, that 7:01 converts to 5:03 mile pace. His average heart rate was 179 beats per minute.

Dakotah Lindwurm, a U.S. team member for the women, also previewed the course in April in a run she called, “Tour de La Olympic hills ?].” She racked up an impressive 16 “course records” during her 10.87-mile workout, and on the same steep segment that Young ran, she averaged 7:43 pace with a grade-adjusted pace of 5:21 per mile. 

Emily Sisson, the U.S. record holder in the marathon, has been training for both the hills and the flats. “We’ve been doing a lot of stuff on hills, because [we] want to come out of the hills into the last 10K feeling good,” she says. “That’s also why you don’t want to slack on 10K work, because it could be quite fast at the end. So kind of trying to do it all.” 

Tiernan agreed with Sisson on the unique challenge. If marathoners go too hard through the hills, they could struggle at the end, he said. If they go too easy through the hills and subsequent descents, they might be out of touch by the final 10K. He said the Paris course is as “if you were to do a 10K road race, then go and run a hard 10K hill cross country course, then a 10K road race.” 

If nothing else, it could make for some surprises on the podium.

When exactly are the races?

The men’s event happens on Saturday, August 10. If you want to watch live, get your favorite espresso ready. The event begins at 2 a.m. ET/11 p.m. PT in the U.S. The following day for the women’s race, the 2024 Paris Olympics fully conclude in honor of the 40th anniversary of the first women’s Olympic marathon event, won by Joan Benoit-Samuelson. The start time is also at 2 a.m. ET/11 p.m. PT.

Who are the major names in each race?

Both races are packed with star power in the form of returning Olympic champions, world record holders, and World Marathon Majors winners. The biggest storyline in the men’s race is whether Eliud Kipchoge, the two-time Olympic marathon gold medalist who many consider to be the greatest of all time, will be able to retain his crown in what may be his final Olympics at age 39.

The women’s event is even more stacked and should make for quite the event to cap off the 2024 Olympics. Newly ratified world record holder Tigist Assefa of Ethiopia will have to match speed and strategy against the likes of Hellen Obiri and Peres Jepchirchir of Kenya and the Netherlands’s Sifan Hassan, who is running the marathon after racing in the 5,000 and 10,000 meters on the track. 

Men’s Marathon Contenders

Eliud Kipchoge, Kenya (2:01:09)

Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopia (2:01:41) 

Benson Kipruto, Kenya (2:02:16)

Tamirat Tola, Ethiopia (2:03:39)

Conner Mantz, USA (2:07:47)

Clayton Young, USA (2:08:00)

Women’s Marathon Contenders

Tigist Assefa, Ethiopia (2:11:53)

Sifan Hassan, Netherlands (2:13:44)

Peres Jepchirchir, Kenya (2:16:16)

Emily Sisson, USA (2:18:29)

Hellen Obiri, Kenya (2:21:38)

Rose Chelimo, Bahrain (2:22:51)

Fiona O’Keeffe, USA (2:22:10)

Sharon Lokedi, Kenya (2:22:45)

Did you know there is a mass participation race?

If not, now you do. It’s called the Marathon Pour Tous, and we’re pretty jealous we can’t run this one. There will be a full marathon and a 10K on the same route as the Olympic marathon on the evening of August 10. Yes, a night race in the City of Lights. More than 20,000 participants are expected for each event.

(08/04/2024) Views: 709 ⚡AMP
by Runner’s World
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Here’s a new way to keep warm-weather GI distress at bay

You may be able to toss your antacids and emergency Imodium stash—scientists are excited about a new study highlighting the gut-protecting powers of blackcurrant extract, and it could be the latest go-to remedy for the summer GI distress some runners experience. Relief for the dreaded condition, sometimes dubbed “runner’s trots,” might now be as simple as popping a berry supplement, as reported by British media outlet Wales Online.

Berry good news

Researchers found that more than two-thirds of recreational runners, unaccustomed to running in hot weather, experienced reduced symptoms after taking blackcurrant extract. Mark Willems, a professor in exercise physiology at the University of Chichester who has published more than 40 New Zealand blackcurrant extract studies, noted the study’s significance: “It is impressive that the 92 per cent of participants who displayed total GI symptoms were reduced to 25 per cent with blackcurrant. This is really meaningful.”

What exactly are runner’s trots?

For the uninitiated, runner’s trots refers to the gastrointestinal distress runners face in high temperatures, leading to nausea, diarrhea and other uncomfortable symptoms. Exercising in the heat redirects blood flow away from the digestive system to help keep your body cool, which can create havoc in your gastrointestinal tract. Current prevention methods, such as complex heat acclimation training, are often impractical for casual runners.

The research

For this study, runners took 600 mg of blackcurrant extract (the brand CurraNZ was used in this study) daily for seven days before hitting the treadmill in sweltering 34 C conditions. The polyphenol-rich blackcurrant supplement was shown to reduce heat-induced cell damage and “leaky gut” by up to 40 per cent. Not only did the extract alleviate gut distress, but it also proved safe, with no adverse effects, on core temperature or thermoregulation.

Matthew Kuennen, an associate professor at High Point University, N.C., praised its efficacy: “I am impressed with blackcurrant’s ability to reduce markers of gut leak and gastrointestinal barrier function during prolonged endurance exercise under hot/dry conditions,” he said. Kuennen recommends blackcurrant supplementation as a potentially meaningful alternative when heat training is not an option.

The takeaway

Blackcurrant extract may be a game-changer for runners battling heat-induced GI issues. With its ability to provide quick relief and enhance performance, it may be worth considering adding this supplement to your pre-race routine. Stephanie Flippin, a pro ultrarunner, coach and physician who works with athletes and uses blackcurrant extract in her own training, says she is excited about the findings: “There isn’t a runner who hasn’t experienced GI distress,” she explains. “With current strategies limited to heat training itself, any mitigation and protective measure is highly beneficial, and New Zealand blackcurrant extract offers an exciting new supplement for runners.”

“The take-away message is that if you are customarily experiencing mild GI symptoms from running in the heat, they are likely to be resolved by supplementing with New Zealand blackcurrant extract,” Willems said.

(07/25/2024) Views: 398 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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New Study Reveals How Women's VO2 Max Differs from Men's

A new study from researchers at the Federal University of São Paulo in Brazil focused on women's aerobic capacity suggests that the mechanisms of VO2 max decline—and thus perhaps the best countermeasures—are different in men and women.Maximal oxygen uptake, or VO2 max, is perhaps the single best predictor of long-term health and longevity. It’s also the key trait that distinguishes elite endurance athletes. We know all this from more than a century of research… in men. Whether the same things hold true for VO2 max in women is less clear, because there simply isn’t as much data on them.

A new study from researchers at the Federal University of São Paulo in Brazil aims to fill some of this gap. They recruited 85 runners and 62 sedentary people, all women between the ages of 20 and 70, and split them further into younger (less than 50) and older (greater than 50) age groups. Then they tested their VO2 max with a progressive treadmill test to exhaustion, measured their body composition with a DXA scan, and collected information about their training and other health-related habits. The results are published (and free to read) in Experimental Gerontology.

The headline findings are unsurprising: runners had higher VO2 max than non-runners, meaning they were able to suck in, distribute to their muscles, and use more oxygen per minute; younger people had higher VO2 max than older people. But when you zoom in on the details, some more interesting patterns emerge.What the VO2 Max Data Shows

There are three ways of expressing VO2 max. The first is absolute VO2 max, which is simply the greatest volume of oxygen you can use per minute, usually expressed in liters per minute. If you get fitter, you’ll be able to deliver and use oxygen more quickly, enabling you to power your exercise on sustainable aerobic metabolism for longer. Conversely, if you get too unfit and your VO2 max drops too low, even simple daily activities like climbing the stairs will require more oxygen than you can supply, turning them into challenging anaerobic efforts.

Here’s how the absoluteVO2 max values compared for the four groups, with runners represented by circles and sedentary people by squares:All this means that absolute VO2 max is a useful marker of health and performance—but it’s less useful for comparison between different people, because the amount of oxygen you use depends on body size. A heavyweight rower might use twice as much oxygen as a diminutive marathoner, but if she’s twice as big then she’s not necessarily fitter. Instead, she’ll need all that extra oxygen to move her larger body around. A better comparison would be to divide each person’s VO2 max by their weight, giving what’s called relative VO2 max, expressed in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight. Here’s what that data looks like:The key thing to notice here is that there’s a much bigger gap between the runners and non-runners in relative VO2 max than in absolute VO2 max, which is because the non-runners weigh substantially more on average. The relative value offers a much better reflection of how much fitter the runners are for running: what matters is not just how much aerobic power you can deliver, but how big a load that power needs to move.

Why Body Composition Matters, Too

The researchers also present a less-common third way of expressing VO2 max. In this case, they divided the absolute value not by total weight, but by the weight of each person’s lean mass, meaning primarily muscle as well as connective tissue.

To understand why this is relevant, it’s useful to think about VO2 max in terms of oxygen supply and demand. The traditional view of VO2 max was that it was dictated by oxygen supply—that is, by how quickly you could suck in oxygen, diffuse it from your lungs to bloodstream, and pump it to your muscles. These are all considered “central” limitations on VO2 max. The primary way changing VO2 max, in this picture, is for your heart to get stronger so that it can pump more blood to your muscles.

But oxygen demand also matters. It doesn’t matter how much oxygen you pump to your muscles if your muscles aren’t capable of extracting and, with the help of mitochondria, making use of it to provide aerobic energy. That’s why VO2 max is more closely proportional to your total muscle mass than to your overall weight. If you add ten pounds of fat to your body, your absolute VO2 max won’t change because fat doesn’t consume oxygen. If you add ten pounds of muscle, your ability to consume oxygen will increase, and your ability to supply oxygen will likely follow suit. How much muscle you have, and how effectively that muscle can use oxygen, are “peripheral” limitations on VO2 max.

Here’s what the data showed for VO2 max divided by lean mass only:An Unexpected Finding About VO2 Max in Women

Here’s where the surprise comes in. Based on earlier data from men, the researchers had hypothesized that these relative-to-muscle values would be less affected by aging than the relative-to-whole-body values. To put it another way, the male data had suggested that age-related declines in VO2max were primarily related to declines in central factors like the heart and circulatory system, while peripheral factors like the ability of muscle to use oxygen stayed relatively constant. But that’s not what they found here: both central and peripheral factors seemed to decline at similar rates in women.

Why should VO2-max declines in women be different than in men? One possibility is that it’s a fluke that’s specific to the relatively small group of women being tested here. But it’s also possible that there’s a genuine difference. The researchers suggest that “intramuscular adipose tissue”—that is, small amounts of fat located within the muscle itself, sometimes referred to as muscle fat infiltration—may play a role. This infiltration tends to be higher in women, and increases with age. If that’s what’s happening, then it suggests that the mechanisms of VO2 max decline—and thus perhaps the best countermeasures—are different in men and women.

There’s one final point to note in this data—one that, in this case, does echo previous findings in men. The runners experienced a steeper VO2 max decline with age than the non-runners. This might be a sort of physiological regression to the mean: the higher you start, the more you’re likely to fall. But it probably also reflects the fact that older runners tend to train less than younger ones, a pattern that showed up in this study too. There are plenty of good reasons for that, but it’s also a reminder: if you’re working hard to be super-fit now, you’ll have to keep working similarly hard to be similarly fit in the future. When it comes to fitness, saving for retirement only takes you so far.

(07/13/2024) Views: 653 ⚡AMP
by Outside Online
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Research Confirms Rotating Running Shoes Could Save You From Injuries—Here’s How Your Body Benefits

Having a shoe collection is not a frivolous obsession. Here’s how you could possibly benefit from having more than one pair of running shoes.

Once you’ve found yourself the perfect pair—you know the ones you want to spend every run in—it’s kind of hard to give them up. However, doing so could actually work to your advantage by keeping you healthy and strong for each run. 

“These days, a lot of people use one shoe for everything, and that puts you at risk for injury,” says Priya Parthasarathy, D.P.M., spokesperson for the American Podiatric Medical Association and partner at USFAS in Silver Springs, Maryland. Running, walking, and weightlifting all require different demands of your feet, so you’ll want to wear different shoes for these activities, she says. Plus, wearing one shoe for all of your workouts can increase the wear on the shoe, so they won’t last as long as you want. 

That’s where having a running shoe rotation becomes very helpful. Research and experts back up this idea, and it’s especially helpful to have a shoe rotation if you’re training for a long distance race like a marathon. Here’s what you need to know in order to build a running shoe rotation that meets all of your needs. 

Why do you need a running shoe rotation?

Naturally, running places stress on multiple parts of the body, including muscles, bones, and tendons, which can be good for you provided the stress is not too large or frequent that you can’t recover fast enough, says Andrea Myers, D.P.T., who owns a sports performance practice located in Westport and Ridgefield, Connecticut. 

”We know from many research studies that different running shoe properties expose the body to different stressors,” Myers says. “We know that minimalist shoes—those with a low or zero drop, flexible sole, and minimal to no stability features—increase the demands on the ankle, foot, and calf muscles, as compared to shoes with a higher drop, which increase the demands at the knee but reduces the demands at the foot and ankle.” 

A carefully crafted shoe rotation can possibly offset some of these demands. 

To identify characteristics that might contribute to the development of running related injury, a 2013 research study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport followed 264 runners over the course of 22 weeks. The study found runners who used more than one shoe, a term which they coined “parallel use,” had a 39 percent lower risk of injury. This suggests having more than one pair of running shoes can help you ward off injury. 

The reasoning behind it, if you have a cushioned shoe and you let a shoe sit for 24 to 48 hours, the foam in the shoe can de-compress before your next run, says Parthasarathy. 

How many shoes do you need in your rotation?

If you’re just starting out, you don’t have to worry about rotating your running shoes, instead, invest in one good pair of running shoes. Parthasarathy recommends finding a shoe with a flexible toe box, firm heel cup, and removable insoles. The one shoe should overall be comfortable to you.

The seasoned recreational runner who runs three to four miles, three days per week, does not need a rotation of four different shoes either, says Myers. Instead, Myers recommends two pairs of shoes that you can rotate every run. 

For marathon runners, racking up 35 to 60-plus miles a week with a variety of workouts (easy, long, and speed runs) on their calendars, Myers recommends keeping a shoe rotation of three to four pairs of shoes. This can include one to two pairs of shoes for easy runs and speed workouts, and one pair of shoes for long runs that can handle a variety of different paces. Your long run shoes can also double as a performance trainer, or a lightweight daily trainer, Myers says. 

What types of running shoes can you add to your running shoe rotation?

Here are three different types of shoes you can consider adding to your collection, according to Myers: 

Daily Trainer: These shoes are primarily for easy running, but can also handle different paces. you can use them to run strides or up-tempo long runs. Good examples of daily trainers include: the Brooks Ghost 15, Saucony Ride 17 or Guide 17, Nike Vomero 17, or Hoka Clifton 9.

Performance Trainer: Best for speed workouts, performance trainers are lightweight shoes that perform best at faster paces and can double as daily trainers as long as you feel comfortable in wearing them for longer distances. Plus, they tend to be more affordable than top-end race performance shoes. A few styles to consider include: Saucony Endorphin Speed 4, Topo Cyclone 2, Mizuno Wave Rebellion Flash 2, and Brooks Hyperion Max.

Racing Shoes: Commonly referred to now as super shoes, racing shoes tend to be more expensive and less durable, considering some shoes have a life expectancy of about 100 to 150 miles. This is why you shouldn’t do the bulk of your training in super shoes, instead you should take them out for a test run or two to ensure they’ll meet all your comfort needs on race day. Saucony Kinvara Pro, Asics Superblast, Adidas Adizero Prime x 2 Strung, and On Cloudeclipse are a few super shoes to consider.

How to find the right shoe to add to your rotation?

Before adding any a shoe to your rotation, you should consider if the shoe is a good fit for your foot arch (flat arch, high arch, or medium arch), running gait (neutral, pronated, or supinated), shoe size, preferred comfort level, and the terrain (treadmill, pavement, or trail) you’ll run on. 

“Building a running shoe rotation, especially if you run on different terrains, is important because the shoe wears in different ways,” says Parthasarathy. Meaning where you run will influence some of the characteristics you look for in a shoe. For example, running on hard pavement will require increased cushioning, whereas trail running calls for more stability and traction, she explains. 

If you want to change the type of shoe you’re training in, then the recommendation is to ease into the number of miles you try in the new shoe (i.e., don’t go for a long run in a drastically different shoe). 

You may experience some soreness if you transition to a different type of shoe, however, you shouldn't experience pain that lasts for days or interferes with your normal running gait pattern on subsequent runs, Myers adds. 

Lastly, you’ll want to get rid of your running shoes every so often due to wear and tear that may go unnoticed. ”We recommend you replace your running shoes, especially if you’re doing long distance running every six months or 300 to 500 miles, depending on how hard you are on them,” says Parthasarathy. If you can fold or bend your shoes in half, it’s often an indication the structure of the shoe and cushioning has been broken down, and it’s time for a change, she adds. As mentioned, the new high performance racing shoes tend to have a shorter shelf life when it comes to mileage. 

Who should avoid rotating running shoes?

There’s no need to rotate your running shoes if you’re only running a couple of times a week because you’re likely not racking up enough miles to overstress your tissues, says Myers. 

Also, don’t rotate running shoes if you have specific biomechanical or orthopedic needs due to injury, foot structure or shape. For example, runners who have arthritis that affects the big toe, a.k.a, hallux limitus, should prioritize running in shoes that can address this condition, which there are few of, Myers says. 

(07/07/2024) Views: 441 ⚡AMP
by Runner’s World
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Research Confirms Rotating Running Shoes Could Save You From Injuries—Here’s How Your Body Benefits

Having a shoe collection is not a frivolous obsession. Here’s how you could possibly benefit from having more than one pair of running shoes.

Once you’ve found yourself the perfect pair—you know the ones you want to spend every run in—it’s kind of hard to give them up. However, doing so could actually work to your advantage by keeping you healthy and strong for each run. 

“These days, a lot of people use one shoe for everything, and that puts you at risk for injury,” says Priya Parthasarathy, D.P.M., spokesperson for the American Podiatric Medical Association and partner at USFAS in Silver Springs, Maryland. Running, walking, and weightlifting all require different demands of your feet, so you’ll want to wear different shoes for these activities, she says. Plus, wearing one shoe for all of your workouts can increase the wear on the shoe, so they won’t last as long as you want. 

That’s where having a running shoe rotation becomes very helpful. Research and experts back up this idea, and it’s especially helpful to have a shoe rotation if you’re training for a long distance race like a marathon. Here’s what you need to know in order to build a running shoe rotation that meets all of your needs. 

Why do you need a running shoe rotation?

Naturally, running places stress on multiple parts of the body, including muscles, bones, and tendons, which can be good for you provided the stress is not too large or frequent that you can’t recover fast enough, says Andrea Myers, D.P.T., who owns a sports performance practice located in Westport and Ridgefield, Connecticut. 

”We know from many research studies that different running shoe properties expose the body to different stressors,” Myers says. “We know that minimalist shoes—those with a low or zero drop, flexible sole, and minimal to no stability features—increase the demands on the ankle, foot, and calf muscles, as compared to shoes with a higher drop, which increase the demands at the knee but reduces the demands at the foot and ankle.” 

A carefully crafted shoe rotation can possibly offset some of these demands. 

To identify characteristics that might contribute to the development of running related injury, a 2013 research study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport followed 264 runners over the course of 22 weeks. The study found runners who used more than one shoe, a term which they coined “parallel use,” had a 39 percent lower risk of injury. This suggests having more than one pair of running shoes can help you ward off injury. 

The reasoning behind it, if you have a cushioned shoe and you let a shoe sit for 24 to 48 hours, the foam in the shoe can de-compress before your next run, says Parthasarathy. 

How many shoes do you need in your rotation?

If you’re just starting out, you don’t have to worry about rotating your running shoes, instead, invest in one good pair of running shoes. Parthasarathy recommends finding a shoe with a flexible toe box, firm heel cup, and removable insoles. The one shoe should overall be comfortable to you.

The seasoned recreational runner who runs three to four miles, three days per week, does not need a rotation of four different shoes either, says Myers. Instead, Myers recommends two pairs of shoes that you can rotate every run. 

For marathon runners, racking up 35 to 60-plus miles a week with a variety of workouts (easy, long, and speed runs) on their calendars, Myers recommends keeping a shoe rotation of three to four pairs of shoes. This can include one to two pairs of shoes for easy runs and speed workouts, and one pair of shoes for long runs that can handle a variety of different paces. Your long run shoes can also double as a performance trainer, or a lightweight daily trainer, Myers says. 

What types of running shoes can you add to your running shoe rotation?

Here are three different types of shoes you can consider adding to your collection, according to Myers: 

Daily Trainer: These shoes are primarily for easy running, but can also handle different paces. you can use them to run strides or up-tempo long runs. Good examples of daily trainers include: the Brooks Ghost 15, Saucony Ride 17 or Guide 17, Nike Vomero 17, or Hoka Clifton 9.

Performance Trainer: Best for speed workouts, performance trainers are lightweight shoes that perform best at faster paces and can double as daily trainers as long as you feel comfortable in wearing them for longer distances. Plus, they tend to be more affordable than top-end race performance shoes. A few styles to consider include: Saucony Endorphin Speed 4, Topo Cyclone 2, Mizuno Wave Rebellion Flash 2, and Brooks Hyperion Max.

Racing Shoes: Commonly referred to now as super shoes, racing shoes tend to be more expensive and less durable, considering some shoes have a life expectancy of about 100 to 150 miles. This is why you shouldn’t do the bulk of your training in super shoes, instead you should take them out for a test run or two to ensure they’ll meet all your comfort needs on race day. Saucony Kinvara Pro, Asics Superblast, Adidas Adizero Prime x 2 Strung, and On Cloudeclipse are a few super shoes to consider.

How to find the right shoe to add to your rotation?

Before adding any a shoe to your rotation, you should consider if the shoe is a good fit for your foot arch (flat arch, high arch, or medium arch), running gait (neutral, pronated, or supinated), shoe size, preferred comfort level, and the terrain (treadmill, pavement, or trail) you’ll run on. 

“Building a running shoe rotation, especially if you run on different terrains, is important because the shoe wears in different ways,” says Parthasarathy. Meaning where you run will influence some of the characteristics you look for in a shoe. For example, running on hard pavement will require increased cushioning, whereas trail running calls for more stability and traction, she explains. 

If you want to change the type of shoe you’re training in, then the recommendation is to ease into the number of miles you try in the new shoe (i.e., don’t go for a long run in a drastically different shoe). 

You may experience some soreness if you transition to a different type of shoe, however, you shouldn't experience pain that lasts for days or interferes with your normal running gait pattern on subsequent runs, Myers adds. 

Lastly, you’ll want to get rid of your running shoes every so often due to wear and tear that may go unnoticed. ”We recommend you replace your running shoes, especially if you’re doing long distance running every six months or 300 to 500 miles, depending on how hard you are on them,” says Parthasarathy. If you can fold or bend your shoes in half, it’s often an indication the structure of the shoe and cushioning has been broken down, and it’s time for a change, she adds. As mentioned, the new high performance racing shoes tend to have a shorter shelf life when it comes to mileage. 

Who should avoid rotating running shoes?

There’s no need to rotate your running shoes if you’re only running a couple of times a week because you’re likely not racking up enough miles to overstress your tissues, says Myers. 

Also, don’t rotate running shoes if you have specific biomechanical or orthopedic needs due to injury, foot structure or shape. For example, runners who have arthritis that affects the big toe, a.k.a, hallux limitus, should prioritize running in shoes that can address this condition, which there are few of, Myers says. 

(06/29/2024) Views: 491 ⚡AMP
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How to Run in the Heat Like the Pros

Over the past decade, training for the heat has gone from a nice-to-have to an absolute necessity for top runners. Professor Chris Minson is attempting to perfect the science.

After a few pleasant hours sitting in the sun watching the Prefontaine Classic in Eugene, Oregon last month, I headed down into the bowels of Hayward Field for a grueling test for running in the heat. Chris Minson, a professor of human physiology at the University of Oregon, had invited me to try the heat adaptation protocol he has developed for elite athletes from the university and from local pro teams like the Bowerman Track Club. I’ve written about Minson’s research several times, so experiencing the protocol first-hand seemed like a good idea… at the time.

Heat is a big deal in sports these days, and it’s only getting bigger. In recent years we’ve had major events like the world track and field championships in insanely hot places, like Qatar, where the marathons had to be started at midnight. But summertime in Eugene (where the Olympic Track Trials will take place later this month) and Paris (where the Olympics will be held) can also be sizzling. Over the past decade, heat preparation has gone from a nice-to-have to an absolute necessity for top athletes. The details of how to prepare remain more art than science, though, so I was interested to see how Minson put theory into practice.

Back in the 1920s and 1930s, scientists developed the first heat adaptation protocols for workers in South Africa’s sweltering gold mines. The gold standard for heat adaptation evolved from that work: spend at least an hour a day exercising in hot conditions, and after 10 to 14 days you’ll see a bunch of physiological changes. Your core temperature will be lower, your blood volume will be higher, you’ll begin sweating and dilating your blood vessels at a lower temperature threshold, you’ll sweat more, and so on. Put it all together and you’ll be able to stay cooler and run faster in hot conditions.

In fact, there’s even evidence that this type of heat adaptation can make you faster in moderate weather, perhaps as a result of the extra blood plasma. In the lead-up to the 2008 Olympics, Minson was working with American marathoner Dathan Ritzenhein, helping him prepare for the expected hot conditions in Beijing. But he started to worry about what would happen if it wasn’t hot: would all the heat training actually make Ritzenhein slower? Minson and his colleagues ran a study to find out; the results, which they published in 2010, suggested that heat adaptation helps even in cool conditions. That’s the study that really kicked interest in heat training into higher gear.

The problem with the classic approach, though, is that training for an hour in hot, muggy conditions is exhausting. If you’re trying to do a hard workout, you won’t be able to hit the splits you want. If you’re trying to do an easy run, it’s going to take more out of you than it usually does, potentially compromising your next hard workout or raising your risk of overtraining. So how do you get the benefits of heat adaptation without tanking the rest of your training plan?

Minson’s Exercise & Environmental Physiology Lab at the University of Oregon, which he co-runs with fellow physiologist John Halliwill, is located in the Bowerman Sports Science Center, a state-of-the-art facility located under the northwest grandstand of Hayward Field. The key piece of equipment, for my purposes, is an environmental chamber that can take you down to 0 degrees Fahrenheit or up to 22,000 feet of simulated altitude, deliver simulated solar radiation, or blast you with wind. For my heat run, Minson set the dials to 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 40 percent humidity.

Earlier that day, Minson had given me a thermometer pill to swallow, which would enable him to wirelessly track my core temperature as the run progressed. “I’ll need that back,” he warned me, poker-faced. Fortunately, he was joking.

Before I entered the chamber, I peed in a cup so that Minson could check my urine-specific gravity, the ratio of how dense your urine is compared to water. I clocked in at 1.025, marginally above Minson’s threshold of 1.024 for mild dehydration. I blame it on having spent a few hours sitting in the sun watching the track meet. Then he checked my weight, so that he’d be able to figure out how much I sweated during the test.

When I stepped into the chamber, wearing nothing but shorts and running shoes, I could feel the blast of heat, but it wasn’t too oppressive—like a really hot day at the beach but under an umbrella. I started with a five-minute warm-up at a slow pace, gradually ramping up until I hit 7:30 mile pace. Then the formal protocol started: 30 minutes at that pace.

The pace was self-chosen; Minson refused to tell me the pace I “should” run. The goal was to settle in at an effort that I could comfortably maintain for half-an-hour, and that would get me hot enough to trigger adaptations—a core temperature of about 101 degrees Fahrenheit is thought to be about right—without overshooting and roasting myself. Most of the elite runners he works with end up choosing paces between 7:00 and 8:00 per mile. I slotted myself in the middle of that range—which, let’s be honest, was a dumb thing to do for an aging non-elite runner.

Still, the running itself felt easy to me. Every five minutes or so, Minson had me rate my perceived effort on the Borg scale, which runs from 6 to 20, and also rate how hot I felt. For this, he used his own 0 to 10 thermal scale.

I started out at the effort of 10 (“very light”) and thermal sensation of 3 (“warm”). After 15 minutes, my effort had crept up to 12 (“somewhat hard”), but my thermal sensation was still 3. By this point I was sweating up a storm, watching with interest as my splatters of sweat made a distinctly asymmetric pattern on the treadmill’s control panel. (Clearly I needed to visit the biomechanics lab down the hallway to sort out my stride asymmetries.)

In the latter part of the test, my sweat rate seemed to drop—not a great sign, since it could signal dehydration. My effort topped out at 13, but my thermal sensation crept up to 4 (“very warm”), then 5 (“slightly hot”), then 6 (“somewhat hot”). I still felt under control, though. Then the test ended, and Minson ushered me off the treadmill, into the next room, and into the hot tub, where he asked me to submerge myself up to my neck. The water was set to 104 degrees Fahrenheit, and it was awful. My thermal sensation immediately spiked up to 8 (“very hot”) and then 9 (“miserably hot”).

The odd thing is that the water was basically the same temperature as I was. My core temperature had crept up to 103.2 degrees towards the end of the run, and hit 103.7 shortly afterward. The water wasn’t warming me up in any significant way, but it was robbing me of the superficial perception of coolness that I got from air currents and the evaporation of sweat. It’s a good reminder of why cooling techniques like ice towels or simply dumping water on your head can be valuable: they can dramatically change your perception of how hot you are.

Sitting in that hot tub wasn’t fun, but it’s a key tool for Minson in his efforts to help athletes adapt to heat without interfering with their normal training. It extends the period of thermal stress without trashing their legs. A half-hour easy run, even in hot conditions, isn’t that draining for a well-trained athlete. At least, it’s not supposed to be.

After I’d had a cold shower and chugged a few bottles of sports drink, Minson went over the results with me. The good news is that I hadn’t seemed very bothered by the heat. I’d sweated out 2.2 pounds of fluid, indicating a fairly high sweat rate of around 2 liters per hour. That suggests that I should already be reasonably well equipped to race in warm conditions.

The bad news, though, was that my numbers didn’t make sense. There are no “wrong” answers on a subjective scale, but mine were puzzling. As the test proceeded and my core temperature drifted over 100 degrees, I kept claiming that I felt merely 3-out-of-10 “warm.” That might mean that I’m immune to heat—but more likely, it suggests that I wasn’t properly attuned to my body’s condition. If you’re running in the heat but you’re totally oblivious to how hot you’re getting, that can be a recipe for disaster.

In fact, my subjective numbers were strikingly similar to those of an elite runner Minson has worked with—one who has struggled in the heat. Minson helped the athlete renormalize his heat perception, so that conditions he originally labeled as 3 out of 10 became a more realistic 5 or 6 out of 10.

The ability to accurately gauge how hot you are is important even in training, because those core temperature pills are about $70 a pop. Once athletes have a sense of how hot they should feel during heat adaptation runs, Minson has them judge their half-hour efforts by feel. If they start getting too hot—above 7 on the Minson Scale—they can turn a fan on in the heat chamber to avoid overheating. There’s no rigid schedule of when they do these heat runs: they fit them in around their other training and racing and travel plans.

In practice, of course, most of us don’t have access to a high-tech heat chamber and temperature-controlled hot tub. But studies in recent years have shown that you can use a variety of approaches to get your core temperature up: hot baths, saunas (Minson has one in his lab, and another in his backyard), overdressing during runs. The big-picture takeaway from Minson’s approach is that you can find ways of getting a heat stimulus without disrupting the rest of your training.

To do that, though, you need to be able to gauge when you’re getting overcooked. When I got back to my hotel room that afternoon, I realized that I was feeling wrung out, as if I’d done a long, hard workout rather than a half-hour jog. I’d missed the mark. I decided to take the next day off, and dreamed that night of Minson’s other recent research focus: ice baths.

(06/24/2024) Views: 623 ⚡AMP
by Outside Online
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How to Find Your “Sweet Spot” Race Distance

Expert advice for focusing on your best event to maximize your running potential.Ever notice that some runs and races are more satisfying than others? These workouts aren’t necessarily the easiest runs or even the ones that are the most fun. Instead, they’re fulfilling because the distance feels challenging, but doable. You collect your medal and walk away thinking, “I bet I can do even better next time,” rather than, “thank goodness that’s over.”

If you have already clicked with a specific distance, you may have already found your running “sweet spot,” or the race length that fires up your inner athlete and gets you training for your next PR. But if you’re new to running or haven’t yet hit your racing stride, some experimentation and a little self-reflection will help you determine where to focus your time and effort when registering and training for events. To help you land on your sweet spot (and figure out what to do when you get there), we chatted with a few run coaches who have worked with athletes of all levels of experience and race preferences. Here’s what you need to know. 

What factors determine your sweet spot race distance?

Before you declare yourself a 10K devotee or commit to running a marathon in every state, give yourself adequate time to build a personal relationship with running and experience different races. 

“I don’t know if there’s really a set amount of time required to figure this out,” Matt Forsman, USATF/RRCA-certified running coach and race organizer at Sasquatch Racing, tells Runner’s World. “Some people run for years before determining what distance is their sweet spot. For others, a certain distance immediately speaks to them. If you’re new to running, I’d say give yourself at least six to nine months to build some running fitness, try a few distances, and go from there.”

As you rack up the miles and try different races on for size, it can be helpful to keep these factors in mind: 

Fitness and Experience

“Your current level of running fitness should be an important part of the calculus in determining what race distance is best for you,” Forsman says, noting that shorter distances like 5K and 10K, while they present their own unique challenges, are generally more beginner-friendly than half marathons and marathons. 

You may find that, even as a newbie, these shorter distances enable you to make noticeable progress that’s reflected in your race times. These wins are valuable, as they can keep you engaged and motivated. 

Schedule and Lifestyle

Anyone who’s trained for a marathon or ultramarathon will tell you how all-consuming it can be. Some people have the necessary bandwidth or a flexible schedule. Others have the support and resources to fit training between competing priorities, like work, family obligations, and social events. But if you simply don’t have the time and energy to train for a specific distance, it’s probably not your sweet spot.“You should fit running in and around your life and not life in and around your running,” Todd Buckingham, Ph.D. exercise physiologist at PTSportsPRO in Grand Rapids, Michigan tells Runner’s World. “We do this because it’s fun. We do this because we want to push ourselves. But hopefully not to the extent of alienating friends and family. You need to find a distance that will work with your life.” 

Location

If you train outdoors, you will always contend with temperature, climate, and terrain. Therefore, where you live will likely play a role in determining your sweet spot, Will Baldwin, USATF and VDOT-certified running coach in Flagstaff, Arizona tells Runner’s World

“If summer temperatures soar, focusing on local 5Ks instead of marathon training will be much more manageable,” Baldwin says. Of course, you can beat the heat by logging miles before or after sunrise, running on a treadmill, but workarounds often require extra planning and schedule adjustments. The same goes for training in frigid, icy temps.

In some cases, your zip code may present an advantage, as year-long temperate weather and extended daylight hours open up more opportunities for longer outdoor training runs. 

“And if there’s a fantastic trail system nearby with plenty of races, it’s the perfect chance to test those trail-running skills and have some fun with it,” Baldwin adds.

Past Performance

Your race history is a clue to where your natural talents lie, which can help inform your sweet spot. “Genetics do play a role,” Buckingham says. “Some people have the diesel engine where they can just go all day long, but they can’t go any faster…other people are really good at short distances but struggle at long distances.” Buckingham and Baldwin recommend checking out online tools like the VDOT Running Calculator, which uses one race distance time to determine your estimated time for other distances. Runner’s World also has an easy-to-use race time predictor. Say, for example, your half-marathon PR is 2:10. The calculator uses this information to suggest an exhaustive list of predicted race times, including a 58:40 10K. However, if your 10K PR is actually 56:10, you may be better suited to the 10K. 

“Athletes can use this tool to see which of their PRs is the most distinguished for each distance, helping them determine their ideal race distance,” Baldwin says. 

You can also garner a lot of information by participating in local races and looking at race results. “See where you finish in relation to other people your age and sex because that will probably tell you just as well,” Buckingham says. 

Injuries

“I think it's important to consider any aggravations and injuries you’ve incurred,” Forsman says. “Running is a high-impact sport that generates about three to seven times your bodyweight in impact force per foot strike. If you have [had] a number of injuries in your recent or distant past, shorter distances like the 5K or 10K may make the most sense. Conversely, if you’ve never had any running-related injuries and your running fitness level is high, a longer distance might work great for you.”

Your Happiness and Enjoyment

Do you notice that some races are simply more fun than others? Pay attention to those gut-level feelings, even if they contradict all of the other data you’ve collected, Baldwin says. 

“When figuring out an athlete’s ideal race distance or their sweet spot, I love to start with what excites them the most,” he says. “Even if someone shines in a 10K or half marathon, their heart might be set on the full marathon. Passion is often the fuel source of consistent training, so tapping into that excitement is really important.”How do you level up in your sweet spot race distance?

Once you find your sweet spot, you may need to make some adjustments to your running routine because a training program should be tailored to your upcoming event, if you plan to race.

“If you’re currently running a few easy miles a few times a week but really want to run a fast 5K, you’re going to need to inject some ‘quality,’ like tempo, intervals, and hills, to develop strength and speed,” Forsman says. “If you want to simply tackle a longer distance like a half or full marathon, you’re going to need to gradually add some more miles into your training to build stamina and endurance.”

Focusing on one distance also allows you to fine-tune your fueling and hydration strategy, especially if you opt for longer distances. “If the event we’re training for is going to take us over 90 minutes to complete, we have to start talking about and practicing fueling. We’ll need to incorporate either some liquid fuel or energy gels to help us finish the race and utilize all of our fitness,” Baldwin says. “It’s an added expense to have fuel for all of the important long runs and races, so it’s also something to consider when choosing your ideal race distance,” he adds. 

Are there downsides to sticking with one race distance?

It can be rewarding to climb the ranks in sweet spot events, but the experts caution against getting too “stuck” in your sweet spot. 

“You should definitely be mixing up the types of races you do,” Baldwin says. “It’s common for a marathon runner to come to me who has been stuck at a certain level for years. When I go back through their training history, they almost always have been doing only marathons for several years in a row. They’ve neglected the shorter races, speed work, and their leg turnover.” Baldwin explains that training at different paces engages different energy systems, and temporarily focusing on shorter, faster distances can improve your speed and efficiency, even on slower endurance runs. 

The same concept applies to runners with a shorter sweet spot. “If shorter distances like the 5K or 10K are your thing, there’s still utility in tackling longer distances. Training for a longer distance can help you better manage fatigue in the latter stages of your 5K or 10K,” Forsman says. 

Plus, you could miss out on what got you hooked on running in the first place. “Professional athletes have to specialize and really just focus on one event because that’s how they earn their livelihood. But the average runner should have fun with it,” Buckingham says. “If you have fun doing one race distance, that’s fine. But don’t be afraid to jump in the local 5K if your friends ask you to join them.”  

(06/18/2024) Views: 580 ⚡AMP
by Runner’s World
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Runners should lean forward a little, but not too much, new research says

Runners often practise form drills to help them master the perfect forward lean, or have had coaches that tell them to lean forward to work with gravity and hit their ideal pace. A new study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, suggests that might not be the case. Researchers at Cal Poly Humboldt and the University of Southern California have revealed an unanticipated reward to staying upright, or maintaining only a very moderate lean, while running—improved efficiency.

Finding the perfect balance

The research involved recreational runners who adjusted their forward lean from almost upright to a maximum of eight degrees. The findings? Runners who adopted a moderate forward lean—about halfway to their maximum—ran more efficiently than those with the most extreme lean. Specifically, runners with a moderate lean were eight per cent more efficient than those who leaned forward the most.

“Runners are often told to lean forward to improve efficiency, with the idea that gravity will help propel them forward, reducing the energy required from their leg muscles,” says Justus Ortega, a kinesiology professor at Cal Poly Humboldt. “Our study, however, shows that excessive forward lean increases the metabolic cost of running, similar to adding weights to your lower legs.”

The mechanics behind the lean

Metabolic cost, or the energy needed for movement, has a significant impact on how strenuous running feels. The study looked at recreational runners aged 18-35 who ran for at least 30 minutes a day, three times a week. Participants ran on a treadmill at eight miles per hour, using three postures: upright, maximum forward lean and a moderate forward lean (50 per cent of maximum).

Researchers measured oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to calculate each runner’s metabolic rate. The results revealed that runners were seven to nine per cent less efficient when using a maximum forward lean compared to a moderate lean or an upright posture.

Hip muscles and running efficiency

While the exact reasons why a moderate lean is more efficient aren’t fully understood, the researchers have some ideas. Data on muscle activation suggest that the gluteus maximus, the muscle responsible for hip extension, is more engaged with a significant forward lean, likely increasing energy use.

Nina Carson, a physical therapist and doctoral student at the University of Colorado, Denver, and lead author of the study, explains: “The bottom line is that the technique of running with a moderate forward lean is better than trying to run with a large forward lean, at least in terms of efficiency.”

What’s next?

Future research aims to explore how varying levels of forward lean affect running efficiency and performance on inclined and declined slopes. For now, the message is clear: if you want to run more efficiently, an upright posture or a slight forward lean are your best bets.

(06/15/2024) Views: 447 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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TWENTY-ONE YEARS AGO, HE WAS INCARCERATED FOR LIFE. LAST YEAR, HE RAN THE NYC MARATHON A RADICALLY CHANGED MAN.

RAHSAAN ROUNDED THOMAS A CORNER. Gravel underfoot gave way to pavement, then dirt. Another left turn, and then another. In the distance, beyond the 30-foot wall and barbed wire separating him from the world outside, he could see the 2,500-foot peak of Mount Tamalpais. He completed the 400-meter loop another 11 times for an easy three miles.

Rahsaan wasn’t the only runner circling the Yard that evening in the fall of 2017. Some 30 people had joined San Quentin State Prison’s 1,000 Mile Club by the time Rahsaan arrived at the prison four years prior, and the group had only grown since. Starting in January each year, the club held weekly workouts and monthly races in the Yard, culminating with the San Quentin Marathon—105 laps—in November. The 2017 running would be Rahsaan’s first go at the 26.2 distance. 

For Rahsaan and the other San Quentin runners, Mount Tam, as it’s known, had become a beacon of hope. It’s the site of the legendary Dipsea, a 7.4-mile technical trail from Mill Valley to Stinson Beach. After the 1,000 Mile Club was founded in 2005, it became tradition for club members who got released to run that trail; their stories soon became lore among the runners still inside. “I’ve been hearing about the Dipsea for the longest,” Rahsaan says. 

Given his sentence, he never expected to run it. Rahsaan was serving 55 years to life for second-degree murder. Life outside, let alone running over Mount Tam all the way to the Pacific, felt like a million miles away. But Rahsaan loved to run—it gave him a sense of freedom within the prison walls, and more than that, it connected him to the community of the 1,000 Mile Club. So if the volunteer coaches and other runners wanted to talk about the Dipsea, he was happy to listen. 

We’ll get to the details of Rahsaan’s crime later, but it’s useful to lead with some enduring truths: People can grow in even the harshest environments, and running, whether around a lake or a prison yard, has the power to change lives. In fact, Rahsaan made a lot of changes after he went to prison: He became a mentor to at-risk youth, began facing the reality of his violence, and discovered the power of education and his own pen. Along the way, Rahsaan also prayed for clemency. The odds were never in his favor. 

To be clear, this is not a story about a wrongful conviction. Rahsaan took the life of another human being, and he’s spent more than two decades reckoning with that fact. He doesn’t expect forgiveness. Rather, it’s a story about a man who you could argue was set up to fail, and for more than 30 years that’s exactly what he did. But it’s also a story of navigating the delta between memory and fact and finding peace in the idea that sometimes the most formative things in our lives may not be exactly as they seem. And mostly, it’s a story of transformation—of learning to do good in a world that too often encourages the opposite. 

RAHSAAN “NEW YORK” THOMAS GREW UP IN BROWNSVILLE, A ONE-SQUARE-MILE SECTION OF EASTERN Brooklyn wedged between Crown Heights and East New York. As a kid he’d spend hours on his Commodore 64 computer trying to code his own games. He loved riding his skateboard down the slope of his building’s courtyard. On weekends, he and his friends liked to play roller hockey there, using tree branches for sticks and a crushed soda can for a puck.

Once a working-class Jewish enclave, Brownsville started to change in the 1960s, when many white families relocated to the suburbs, Black families moved in, and city agencies began denying residents basic services like trash pickup and streetlight repairs. John Lindsay, New York’s mayor at the time, once referred to the area as “Bombsville” on account of all the burned-out buildings and rubble-filled empty lots. By 1971, the year after Rahsaan was born, four out of five families in Brownsville were on government assistance. More than 50 years later, Brownsville still has a poverty rate close to 30 percent. The neighborhood’s credo, “Never ran, never will,” is typically interpreted as a vow of resilience in the face of adversity. For some, like Rahsaan, it has always meant something else: Don’t back down. 

The first time Rahsaan didn’t run, he was 5 or 6 years old. He had just moved into Atlantic Towers, a pair of 24-story buildings beset with rotting walls and exposed sewer pipes that housed more than 700 families. Three older kids welcomed him with their fists. Even if Rahsaan had tried to run, he wouldn’t have gotten far. At that age, Rahsaan was skinny, slow, and uncoordinated. He got picked on a lot. Worse, he was light-skinned and frequently taunted as “white boy.” The insult didn’t even make sense to Rahsaan, whose mother is Black and whose father was Puerto Rican. “I feel Black,” he says. “I don’t feel [like] anything else. I feel like myself.” 

Rahsaan hated being called white. It was the mid-1970s; Roots had just aired on ABC, and Rahsaan associated being white with putting people in chains. Five-Percent Nation, a Black nationalist movement founded in Harlem, had risen to prominence and ascribed godlike status to Black men. Plus, all the best athletes were Black: Muhammad Ali. Reggie Jackson. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. In Rahsaan’s world, somebody white was considered physically inferior. 

Raised by his mother, Jacqueline, Rahsaan never really knew his father, Carlos, who spent much of Rahsaan’s childhood in prison. In 1974, Jacqueline had another son, Aikeem, with a different man, and raised her two boys as a single mom. Carlos also had another son, Carl, whom Rahsaan met only once, when Carl was a baby. Still, Rahsaan believed “the myth,” as he puts it now, that one day Carlos would return and relieve him, his mom, and Aikeem of the life they were living. Jacqueline had a bachelor’s degree in sociology and worked three jobs to keep her sons clothed and fed. She nurtured Rahsaan’s interest in computers and sent him to a parochial school that had a gifted program. Rahsaan describes his family as “upper-class poor.” They had more than a lot of families, but never enough to get out of Brownsville, away from the drugs and the violence.

Some traumas are small but are compounded by frequency and volume; others are isolated occurrences but so significant that they define a person for a lifetime. Rahsaan remembers his grandmother telling him that his father had been found dead in an alley, throat slashed, wallet missing. Rahsaan was 12 at the time, and he understood it to mean his father had been murdered for whatever cash he had on him—maybe $200, not even. Now he would never come home. 

Rahsaan felt like something he didn’t even have had been taken from him. “It just made me different, like, angry,” he says. By the time he got to high school, Rahsaan resolved to never let anyone take anything from him or his family again. “I started feeling like, next time somebody tryin’ to rob me, I’m gonna stab him,” he says. He started carrying a knife, a razor, rug cutters—“all kinds of sharp stuff.” Rahsaan never instigated a fight, but he refused to back down when threatened or attacked. It was a matter of survival.

The first time Rahsaan picked up a gun, it was to avenge his brother. Aikeem, who was 14 at the time, had been shot in the leg by a guy in the neighborhood who was trying to rob him and Rahsaan. A few months later, Rahsaan saw the shooter on the street, ran to the apartment of a drug dealer he knew, and demanded a gun. Rahsaan, then 18, went back outside and fired three shots at the guy. Rahsaan was arrested and sent to Rikers Island, then released after three days: The guy he’d shot was wanted for several crimes and refused to testify against Rahsaan. 

By day, Rahsaan tried to lead a straight life. He graduated from high school in 1988 and got a job taking reservations for Pan Am Airways. He lost the job after Flight 103 exploded in a terrorist bombing over Scotland that December, and the company downsized. Rahsaan got a new job in the mailroom at Debevoise & Plimpton, a white-shoe law firm in midtown Manhattan. He could type 70 words a minute and hoped to become a paralegal one day. 

Rahsaan carried a gun to work because he’d been conditioned to expect the worst when he returned to Brownsville at night. “If you constantly being traumatized, you constantly feeling unsafe, it’s really hard to be in a good mind space and be a good person,” he says. “I mean, you have to be extraordinary.”

After high school, some of Rahsaan’s friends went to Old Westbury, a state university on Long Island with a rolling green campus. He would sometimes visit them, and at a Halloween party one night, he got into a scrape with some other guys and fired his gun. Rahsaan spent the next year awaiting trial in county jail, the following year at Cayuga State Prison in upstate New York, and another 22 months after that on work release, living in a halfway house in Queens. He got a job working the merch table for the Blue Man Group at Astor Place Theater, but the pay wasn’t enough to support the two kids he’d had not long after getting out of Cayuga.

He started selling a little crack around 1994, when he was 24. By 27 he was dealing full-time. He didn’t want to be a drug dealer, though. “I just felt desperate,” he says. Rahsaan had learned to cut hair in Cayuga, and he hoped to save enough money to open a barbershop. 

He never got that opportunity. By the summer of 1999, things in New York had gotten too hot for Rahsaan and he fled to California. For the first time in his 28 years, Rahsaan Thomas was on the run. 

EVERY RUNNER HAS AN ORIGIN STORY. SOME START IN SCHOOL, OTHERS TAKE UP RUNNING TO IMPROVE their health or beat addiction. Many stories share common themes, if not exact details. And some, like Rahsaan’s, are absolutely singular. 

Rahsaan drove west with ambitions to break into the music business. He wanted to be a manager, maybe start his own label. His new girlfriend would join him a week later in La Jolla, where they’d found an apartment, so Rahsaan went first to Big Bear, a small town deep in the San Bernardino Mountains 100 miles east of Los Angeles. It’s where Ryan Hall grew up, and where he discovered running at age 13 by circling Big Bear Lake—15 miles—one afternoon on a whim. Hall has recounted that story so many times that it’s likely even better known than the American records he would go on to set in the half and full marathons. 

Rahsaan didn’t know anything about Ryan Hall, who at the time was just about to start his junior year at Big Bear High School and begin a two-year reign as the California state cross-country champion. He didn’t even know there was a lake in Big Bear. Rahsaan went to Big Bear to box with a friend, Shannon Briggs, a two-time World Boxing Organization heavyweight champion. 

Briggs and Rahsaan had grown up together in Atlantic Towers. As kids they liked to ride bikes in the courtyard, and later they went to the same high school in Fort Greene. But Briggs’s mom had become addicted to drugs by his sophomore year, and they were evicted from the Towers. Briggs and Rahsaan lost touch. Briggs began spending time at a boxing gym in East New York; often he’d sleep there. He had talent in the ring. People thought he might even be the next Mike Tyson, another native of Brownsville who was himself a world heavyweight champ from 1986 to 1989. 

Briggs went pro in 1991, and by the end of that decade he was earning seven figures fighting guys like George Foreman and Lennox Lewis. Rahsaan was at those fights. The two had reconnected in 1996, when Rahsaan was trying to rebuild his life after prison and Briggs’s boxing career was on the rise. In August 1999, Briggs was gearing up to fight Francois Botha, a South African known as the White Buffalo, and had decamped to Big Bear to train. “He was like, ‘Yo, come live with me, bro,’” Rahsaan recalls.

Briggs was running three miles a day to increase his stamina. His route was a simple out-and-back on a wooded trail, and on one of Rahsaan’s first days there, he decided to join him. Rahsaan hadn’t done so much as a push-up since getting out of prison, but he wanted to hang with his friend. Briggs and his training partners set off at their usual clip; within a few minutes they’d disappeared from Rahsaan’s view. By the time they were doubling back, he’d barely made it a half mile. 

Rahsaan never liked feeling physically inferior. So back in La Jolla, he started running a few times a week, going to the gym, whatever it took. Before long he was up to five miles. And the next time he ran with Briggs, he could keep up. After that, he says, “Running just became my thing.” 

FOR YEARS, RAHSAAN HAD BUCKED AT TAKING RESPONSIBILITY for the murder that sent him to prison. The other guys had guns, too, he insisted. If he hadn’t shot them, they’d have shot him. It was self-defense. 

In the moment, he had no reason to think otherwise. It was April 2000. A friend had arranged to sell $50,000 worth of weed, and Rahsaan went along to help. They met in the parking lot of a strip mall in L.A., broad daylight. The buyers brought guns instead of cash, things went sideways, and, in a flash of adrenaline, Rahsaan used the 9mm he’d packed for protection, killing one man and putting the other in critical condition. He was 29 and had been in California eight months. 

After awaiting trial for three years in the L.A. County jails, Rahsaan was sentenced to 55 years to life. But for the crushing finality of it, the grim interminability, the prospect of never seeing the outside world again, he was on familiar ground. Even Brownsville had been a kind of prison—one defined, as Rahsaan puts it now, by division and neglect, a world unto itself that societal forces made nearly impossible to escape. He was used to life inside. 

Rahsaan spent the next 10 years shuttling between maximum security facilities, the bulk of those years at Calipatria State Prison, 30 miles from the Mexican border. By the time he got to San Quentin, he was 42. 

As part of the prison’s restorative justice program, Rahsaan met a mother of two young men who’d been shot, one killed and the other critically injured. Her pain, her dignity, her ability to forgive her sons’ shooters prompted Rahsann to reflect on his own crime. “It made me feel like, damn, I did this to his mother,” he says. “I did this to my mother. You don’t do that to Black mothers. They go through so much.” 

 

ABOUT 2 MILLION PEOPLE ARE INCARCERATED IN THE UNITED States today, roughly eight times as many as in the early 1970s. Nearly half of them are Black, despite Black Americans representing only 13 percent of the U.S. population.

This disparity reflects what the legal scholar and author Michelle Alexander calls “the new Jim Crow,” an invisible system of oppression that has impeded Black men in particular since the days of slavery. In her book of the same title, Alexander unpacks 400 years of policies and social attitudes that have created a society in which one in three Black males will be incarcerated at some point in their lives, and where even those who have been paroled often face a lifetime of discrimination and disenfranchisement, like losing the right to vote. If you hit a wall every time you try to do something, are you really free? More than half of the people released from U.S. jails and prisons return within three years. 

After Rahsaan got out of Cayuga back in 1992, with a felony on his permanent record, he’d had trouble doing just about anything legit: renting an apartment, finding a decent job, securing a loan. Though he’d paid for the Mercedes SUV he drove to California, the lease was in his girlfriend’s name. Selling crack had provided financial solvency, and his success in New York made him feel invincible. One weed deal in California seemed easy enough. But he wasn’t naive. Rahsaan packed a gun, and if he felt he had to use it, he would. 

Today Rahsaan feels deep remorse for what transpired from there. But back then he saw no other way. “When we have a grievance, we hold court in the street,” he says of growing up in the Brownsville projects. “There’s no court of law, there’s no lawsuits.” Even while incarcerated, Rahsaan continued to meet threats with violence. But he also found that in prison, as in Brownsville, respect was temporary. “If you stab somebody, people leave you alone,” he says. “But you gotta keep doing it.” 

Not long after Rahsaan got to Calipatria, around 2003 or 2004, an older man named Samir pulled him aside. “Youngster, there’s nobody that you can beat up that’s gonna get you out of prison,” Rahsaan remembers Samir saying. “In fact, that’s gonna make it worse.” Rahsaan thought about Muhammad Ali, how he would get his opponents angry on purpose so they’d swing until they wore themselves out. He realized that when you’re angry, you’re not thinking clearly or moving effectively. You’re not responding; you’re reacting.

The next time Rahsaan saw Samir was in the yard at Calipatria. They were both doing laps, and the two men started to run together. Rahsaan told Samir about the impact his words had on him, how they helped him see he’d always let “somebody else’s hangup become my hangup, somebody else’s trauma become my trauma.” Each time that happened, he realized, he slid backward. 

Rahsaan began exploring various religions. He liked how the men in the Muslim prayer group at Calipatria encouraged him to think about his past, and the way they talked about God’s plan. He thought back to that day in April 2000 and came to believe that God would have gotten him out of that situation without a gun. “If I was meant to die, I was meant to die,” he says. “If I’m not, I’m not.” He started to see confrontations as tests. “I stopped feeding into the negativity and started passing the test, and I’ve been passing it consistently since,” he says. 

CLAIRE GELBART PLACED HER BELONGINGS IN A PLASTIC TRAY AND WALKED THROUGH THE METAL detectors at the visitors’ entrance at San Quentin. She crossed the Yard to the prison’s newsroom. It was late fall of 2017, and Gelbart had started volunteering with the San Quentin Journalism Guild, an initiative to teach incarcerated people the fundamentals of newswriting and interviewing techniques.

Historically infamous for housing people like Charles Manson and Sirhan Sirhan, the man convicted of killing Robert Kennedy, and for having the only death row for men in California, San Quentin has in recent years instituted reforms. By the time Rahsaan arrived, the facility was offering dozens of programs, had an onsite college, and granted some of the individuals housed there considerable freedom of movement. Hundreds of volunteers pass through its gates every year.

Rahsaan was in the newsroom working on a story for the San Quentin News, where he was a staff writer. Gelbart and Rahsaan started to chat, and within minutes they were bonding over running. They talked about the San Quentin Marathon—in which Rahsaan was proud to have placed 13th out of 13 finishers in 6 hours, 12 minutes, and 23 seconds—and Gelbart’s plans to run her first half marathon that spring. “It was like I lost all sense of place and time,” Gelbart says, “like I could have been in a coffee shop in San Francisco talking to someone.” 

In weekly visits over the next year, Gelbart and Rahsaan talked about their families, their hopes for the future. Gelbart had just graduated from Tufts University with dreams of being a writer. Rahsaan was working toward a college degree, writing for numerous outlets like the Marshall Project and Vice, and learning about podcasting and documentary filmmaking. In 2019, when Gelbart was offered a job in New York, she told Rahsaan she felt torn about leaving—they’d become close friends. They made a pact that if Rahsaan ever got out of prison, they would run the New York City Marathon together. “We couldn’t think of a better thing to celebrate him coming home,” Gelbart says.

When Rahsaan was sentenced, he still had hope for a successful appeal. But when his appeal was denied in 2011, he realized he was never going home. His parole date was set for 2085. 

At the time, though, the political appetite for mass incarceration was starting to shift. Gray Davis, who was governor of California from 1999 to 2003, had never granted a single pardon; and his successor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, granted only 15. Then, between 2011 and 2019, Governor Jerry Brown pardoned or commuted the sentences of more than 1,300 people. Studies show that the recidivism rate among those who had been serving life sentences is less than 5 percent in a number of states, including California. And according to the U.S. Bureau of Justice, 98 percent of people convicted of homicide who are released from prison do not commit another murder. 

In the fall of 2018, Governor Brown approved Rahsaan for commutation, but it was now up to his successor, Gavin Newsom, to follow through. And until a release date was set, there were no guarantees. 

Back at San Quentin, Rahsaan was busier than ever. He was working on his fourth film, Friendly Signs, a documentary funded by the Marshall Project and the Sundance Institute; it was about fellow 1,000 Mile Club member Tommy Lee Wickerd’s efforts to start an ASL program to aid a group of deaf and hard-of-hearing newcomers to the prison. He had recently been named chair of the San Quentin satellite chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists and became a cohost and coproducer of Ear Hustle, a popular podcast about life in San Quentin that in 2020 was a finalist for a Pulitzer Prize. He was also sketching out plans for a nonprofit, Empowerment Ave, to build connections to the outside world for other incarcerated writers and artists and to advocate for fair compensation. And after five years, he was just one history class away from getting his associate’s degree from Mount Tamalpais College.

 

In January 2020, Rahsaan began his final semester, eager to don his cap and gown that June. MTC always organized a festive graduation ceremony in the prison’s visiting room, inviting families, friends, students, and staff. Then COVID-19 hit. Lockdown. All classes canceled until further notice. The 1,000 Mile Club suspended workouts and races as well, its 70-plus members scattering throughout the prison, not sure when or if they’d ever get together again. Covid would officially kill 28 people at San Quentin and make many more very ill. College graduation, let alone races in the Yard and parole hearings, would have to wait.

For the first time since arriving at San Quentin, Rahsaan felt claustrophobic in his 4-by-10-foot cell. He couldn’t work on his films or go to the newsroom. All he could do was read and write, alone. After George Floyd was murdered that May, Rahsaan fell into a depression. He remembered something Chadwick Boseman had said in a 2018 commencement speech at Howard University: “Remember, the struggles along the way shape you for your purpose.”

Rahsaan decided his purpose was to write. Outside journalists couldn’t enter the prison during the pandemic, but their publications were thirsty for prison Covid stories. Rahsaan saw an opportunity. Between June 2020 and February 2023, he published 42 articles, and thanks to Empowerment Ave, he knew what those articles were worth. As a writer for the San Quentin News, Rahsaan earned $36 a month; those 42 articles for external publications netted him $30,000.

DOZENS OF PEOPLE GATHERED OUTSIDE SAN QUENTIN’S GATES. IT WAS A FRIGID MORNING IN EARLY February 2023; the sun hadn’t yet risen. Among those assembled were two cofounders of Ear Hustle, Earlonne Woods and Nigel Poor, along with executive producer Bruce Wallace, recording equipment in hand. A procession of white vans, each carrying one or two men, arrived one by one. After three or four hours, the air had warmed to a balmy 60 degrees. Another van pulled up, Rahsaan got out, and the crowd erupted. Nearly 23 years after he’d been sentenced to 55 years to life, Rahsaan Thomas had been released. 

Rahsaan got into a Hyundai sedan and was soon headed away from San Quentin. Wallace sat in the back, recording Rahsaan seeing water, mountains, and a highway from the front seat of a car for the first time in decades. “I feel like I’m escaping,” he joked. “Is anybody chasing us? This is amazing. This is crazy.” 

Rahsaan called his mom, who wasn’t able to make it to California for his release.

“Hey, Ma, it’s really real,” he said, breathless with joy. “I’m free. No more handcuffs.”

Jacqueline’s exuberance can be heard in her laughter, her curiosity about what his first meal would be (steak and French toast), and her motherly rebuke of his plan to buy a Tesla.

“You ain’t been drivin’ in a while and I know you ain’t the best driver in the world,” she teased. 

Rahsaan moved into a transitional house in Oakland and wasted no time adjusting to life in the 21st century. He got an iPhone, and a friend gave him a crash course in protecting himself from cyberattacks. He’s almost fallen for a few. “There’s some rough hoods on the internet,” he jokes. Earlonne Woods, who was paroled in 2018, and others taught Rahsaan how to use social media. He opened Instagram and Facebook accounts and worked on his own website, rahsaannewyorkthomas.com, which a friend had built for him while he was in San Quentin to promote his creative projects, Empowerment Ave, and even a line of merch. 

Despite all the excitement and chaos, Rahsaan never forgot about the pact he’d made with Claire Gelbart. He found her on Facebook and sent a simple, two-line message: “Start training. We have a marathon to run.” 

IN LATE MARCH, SIX WEEKS AFTER HIS RELEASE, RAHSAAN FLEW TO NEW YORK CITY. IT WAS THE FIRST time he’d been home in nearly a quarter century, and he hadn’t flown since before 9/11. The security protocols at SFO reminded him more of prison than of the last time he’d been in an airport. Actually, “it was worse than prison,” he jokes. They confiscated his jar of honey.

The changes to his home borough were no less surprising. He’d come to New York to take work meetings, see family, and catch a Nets game at Barclays Center in downtown Brooklyn. Rahsaan barely recognized Barclays; it had been a U-Haul lot the last time he was there, and skyscrapers now towered over Fulton Mall, where he used to buy Starter jackets at Dr. Jay’s and Big Daddy Kane tapes at the Wiz. 

He met up with Gelbart on Flatbush Avenue, where come November they’d be just hitting mile 8 of the New York City Marathon. They hadn’t been allowed to touch at San Quentin and weren’t sure how to greet each other on the outside. “It was weird at first, because I was like, do we hug?” Gelbart recalls. But the awkwardness faded fast, and as they walked, Gelbart saw a different side of Rahsaan. “He seemed so much more relaxed,” she says. “Much happier, much lighter.” 

Back in 1985, just a few blocks from where Rahsaan and Gelbart walked now, Rahsaan, his brother Aikeem, and his friend Troy had been on their way home from the Fulton Mall when out of nowhere, about a dozen guys rolled up on them. They started beating on Troy and, for a minute, left Rahsaan and Aikeem alone. Images of his father, throat slashed, flashed through Rahsaan’s mind. He pulled a rug cutter out of his pocket, ran to the smallest guy in the group, and jabbed it into the back of his head. “They looked at me like they were gonna kill me,” Rahsaan says. He threw the blade to the ground, slid his hand inside his coat, and held it there. “Y’all wanna play? We gonna play,” he said. The bluff worked; the guys ran. It was the first time Rahsaan had ever stabbed someone. 

Change sometimes occurs gradually, and then all at once. That was a different Brooklyn, a different Rahsaan. He began to confront his own violence when he had met Samir some 20 years before, and continued to do so through his studies, his faith, his work in restorative justice, and his own writing. But the origin of his tendency toward violence, the death of his father, remained firmly rooted in his psyche. Then, in 2017, Rahsaan spoke for the first time with his estranged half-brother, Carl. 

Carl had read Rahsaan’s work, and asked why he always said their father had been murdered.

“That’s what grandma told me,” Rahsaan said. 

“But he wasn’t murdered,” Carl told him. “He killed himself.” 

And it wasn’t in 1982, as Rahsaan remembered, but in 1985—the same year Rahsaan started carrying blades. 

Rahsaan didn’t believe it until Carl sent him a copy of the suicide note. Even then he remained in shock. “To think I justified violence, treating robbery like a life-or-death situation, over a lie,” he says. Jacqueline was as surprised as Rahsaan to learn the truth of Carlos’s death. He never seemed troubled or depressed to her when they were together, but, “You can’t really read people,” she says. “You don’t know.” 

Rahsaan still can’t account for why his grandmother told him what she did, nor for the discrepancy between his memory and the facts. Regardless, after more than 30 years, Rahsaan was finally able to let go of the one trauma that had calcified into an instinct to kill or be killed. And he has no intention of dredging it back up. 

THE FASTEST RUNNER IN THE 1,000 MILE CLUB’S HISTORY IS MARKELLE “THE GAZELLE” TAYLOR, WHO was paroled in 2019 and went on to run 2:52 in the 2022 Boston Marathon. Rahsaan is the slowest. At San Quentin, he was often the last one to finish a race, but that wasn’t the point—he liked being out in the Yard with the guys. It gave him a sense of belonging, and not just to the 1,000 Mile Club, but to the running community beyond.   

Like every other 1,000 Miler who gets released from San Quentin, Rahsaan had a rite of passage to conquer. On Sunday morning, May 7, 2023, he met a handful of other runners from the club and a few volunteer coaches in Mill Valley. After a decade of gazing up at Mount Tam from the Yard as he completed one 400-meter loop after another, Rahsaan was finally about to run over the mountain all the way to the Pacific. 

The runners did a few final stretches, wished one another luck, and started to run. Almost immediately they had to climb some 700 stairs, many made of stone, and the course only got more treacherous from there. Uneven footing, singletrack paths, and 2,000-plus feet of elevation all conspire to make the Dipsea notoriously difficult. The giant redwoods and Douglas firs along the course were lost on Rahsaan; he never took his eyes off the ground. 

One of the coaches, Jim Maloney, stayed with Rahsaan as his guide, and to help him if he slipped or fell. Markelle Taylor came too, but said he’d meet them in Stinson Beach. He knew how dangerous the trail was, Rahsaan says, and had vowed to never run it again. After his own initiation, Rahsaan decided that he, too, would never do it again. “I’ve been shot at,” he says. “I’ve been in physical danger. I don’t want to revisit danger.”

Rahsaan now logs most of his miles on a treadmill because of knee issues, but on occasion he ventures out to do the 3.4-mile loop around Lake Merritt, a lagoon in the heart of Oakland. He decided to use the New York City Marathon to raise money for Empowerment Ave, and to accept donations until he crossed the finish line in Central Park. Gelbart wrote a training plan for him and got him a new pair of shoes. In prison, Rahsaan had run in the same pair of Adidas for three years, and he was excited to learn about the maximalist shoe movement. Gelbart tried to interest him in Hokas, but Rahsaan thought they were ugly. He wanted Nikes. 

In June, Gelbart went to the Bay Area to visit family and met Rahsaan for a six-mile run around Lake Merritt. As they looped the lake at a conversational 11:30 pace, they talked about work, relationships, and, of course, the New York City Marathon. Rahsaan was disappointed to learn that he would probably not be the last person to finish. (He still holds the record for the slowest San Quentin Marathon in its 15-year history, and he hopes no one ever beats it.) Besides, the more time he spent on the course in New York, he figured, the longer people would have to donate to Empowerment Ave.

On Sunday, November 5, Gelbart and Rahsaan made their way to Staten Island. Waiting at the base of the Verrazzano Bridge, Gelbart recorded Rahsaan singing along to Frank Sinatra’s “New York, New York” for Instagram, and captioned the video “back where he belongs.” They documented much of their race as they floated through Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx: greeting friends along the course, enjoying a lollipop on the Queensboro Bridge, beaming even as their pace slowed from 11:45 per mile for the first 5K to 16:30 for the last. Rahsaan finished in six hours, 26 minutes, and 21 seconds, placing 48,221 out of 51,290 runners. The next day, he sent me a text: “The marathon was pure love.” What’s more, he received more than $15,000 in donations for Empowerment Ave, enough to start a writing program at a women’s prison in Texas. 

Every runner has an origin story. Every runner finds a reason to keep going. At Calipatria, Rahsaan liked to joke that he ran because if an earthquake ever came along and brought down the prison’s walls, he needed to be in shape so he could escape and run to Mexico. In San Quentin, he ran for the community. Today he has a new reason. “I heard that running extends your life by 10 years,” he says, “and I gave away 22.” Now that he’s out, his motivation has never been higher. He has so much to do. 

(06/09/2024) Views: 588 ⚡AMP
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Treadmill desks are becoming more popular—but do they help your running performance?

We all know that exercise has a multitude of benefits, and sitting at a desk all day can take a toll on our mental and physical health. It can be hard to get out for a run sometimes, let alone get in our daily step count. Could a treadmill desk be the answer?

Prolonged inactivity is known to increase the risk of heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and other health issues, with the adage “sitting is the new smoking” underscoring the dangers of a sedentary lifestyle. Conversely, walking as few as 4,000 steps a day has been shown to benefit both mind and body. Treadmill desks, which combine a standing desk with a treadmill, offer a potential solution to counteract sedentary office environments, The New York Times recently reported. But are they a worthwhile investment for runners?

Are they effective?

As treadmill desks become more popular, researchers are examining their efficacy. Studies, though sometimes limited in scope, indicate that treadmill desks can help people stay active, potentially adding an average of two extra miles of walking per day. A 2023 study even found that regular use of treadmill desks increased energy levels, improved mood, and in some cases, enhanced job productivity.

Akinkunle Oye-Somefun, a doctoral candidate at Toronto’s York University and lead author of a recent meta-analysis on treadmill-desk research, says that adding small amounts of activity throughout the day can accumulate. He cautions: “walking on a treadmill desk is a supplement, not a replacement for your regular exercise routine.” In other words—while a treadmill desk may boost training by enhancing your mood and adding to time spent on your feet, it’s not a replacement for your regular running routine.

Be mindful of cost

While treadmill desks can increase daily movement, they come with potential drawbacks. Noise is a significant issue, especially with standard running treadmills—the motor and the sound of footsteps can make it difficult to concentrate, both for the user and their co-workers. Quieter models tend to be more expensive, with treadmills and walking pads running from $280 to $1,400.

Taking those Zoom meetings can be a little challenging if you’re trying to speedwalk, and fine motor skills take a hit: Jenna Scisco, an associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University and lead author of a 2023 study on treadmill desks, found that typing becomes more challenging while walking. Despite this, she noted that the health benefits often outweigh these drawbacks.

Build a consistent routine

Let’s face it—a walking desk won’t help you race to your next PB… directly. However, building a daily routine of getting more consistent exercise will make you fitter, and you may find yourself pushing through distance and effort barriers with more ease. While adding a lunchtime walk is still a good option if you’re limited by cost or office dynamics, establishing a regular routine on a treadmill desk can be an effective way to add more movement to your day. Experts suggest starting small, with 30-minute increments, before spending longer periods of your work day moving your legs.

(06/06/2024) Views: 535 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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Four dynamic drills to finesse form and turnover

Mastering these simple drills will help you hit the sweet spot in your speed session.

Drills are the icing on the cake of a gentle, easy warmup pre-speedwork. Just like icing levels up your tasty treat to make it the best dessert it can be, tacking a few simple drills onto the end of your warmup sets your legs up to fire like never before, leading to a bigger improvement in performance and a more efficient workout. Try picking three drills to focus on, and feel free to do fewer repeats if these movements are new to you.

1.- High knees

Practising high knees helps us learn to lift our knees up when we run and emphasizes remaining light on our feet.

In this drill, focus on driving the foot down and letting it spring back up off the ground, instead of lifting it using the knees. Use the same arm motion during this drill as you use while running.

Work on keeping the upper half of your body leaning slightly forward (bend at the hips, but not crouching over), avoiding the urge to lean back while lifting your knees high. Forget speed in this drill—your aim is to stay tall and light on your feet, creating a quick vertical force, while moving forward. Try 3 sets of 15-20 seconds of high knees.

2.- Single-leg snap-downs

Running is a series of single-leg squats in a forward-moving direction, and any way you can improve co-ordination, balance and strength on one leg with help prevent injuries and maximize forward propulsion.

Begin by standing on both feet (if you feel balanced, come up onto your toes) with arms reaching above your head.

Once you find your balance, quickly drop onto one leg while pulling your arms down (into a running position) to create momentum. Release and begin again. Try 3 sets of 5 to 10 snap-downs on each side.

3.- Backward running

Backward running helps stretch hip flexors while activating hamstrings, and builds leg strength while minimizing stress, making it a useful tool when returning from injury.

It’s important to keep safety in mind when you add backward running to your routine, and to start with a walk, rather than a run. If you’re outside, opt for a large open area free of obstacles, and ask a forward-walking friend to serve as your eyes.

If you are walking backward on a treadmill, begin by holding the handrails and walking at a low speed. As you become more accustomed to going backward, you can steadily increase the speed setting until you’re safely and slowly running backward. A five to 10-minute backward walking or running session several times a week is enough to get started and can be easily tacked on to the beginning or end of your regular running session.

4.- A-skip

When doing the A-skip, pay attention to maintaining an upright posture and driving your arms forward, as when running. The idea is to skip while keeping knees high.

Practise in place by driving the knee up high above the hip and bringing it down fast. Once comfortable, a skip can be added in between steps.

While these drills are perfect to run through before a speed session, they can be slotted into the middle or end of an easy run. Remember to take a rest or easy running day after any harder workout or speed session.

(05/29/2024) Views: 483 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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Choosing Morning Runs Over Evening Drinks

Instead of temporarily drowning her anxiety in alcohol, this writer learned she can soothe it by running. 

To keep the cold at bay one December night in 2022, my friend Justine and I got together for some mulled wine, a hot drink as delicious as it is sentimental to me, reminding me of holiday gatherings and Christmas markets back home in the Czech Republic. As the familiar sweet smell of star anise, cloves, cinnamon, and lemon filled my apartment, I declared out loud (more to myself than to Justine) that I had a 10-mile run on my training plan the next day, so I needed to take the night easy.

I was training for a 30K run on my 30th birthday, my longest distance to date, so I wanted to be rested and hydrated. Three cups of mulled wine later, I woke up from a short doze at 3 a.m. with a headache, just to helplessly stare at the ceiling until falling back asleep sometime in the early morning hours, swearing to myself I would never drink again. Tale as old as time.

I first came home drunk when I was 15. My parents didn’t notice. It was the year they were splitting. Their arguments were quiet, but the consequences spoke volumes. Money had become a point of contention at one point, and I was withdrawn from after-school activities, including basketball and the majority of my dance classes. I didn’t know what to do with myself. So when a clique I had been seeing around my hometown invited me to hang out with them, I was happy for some distraction from my newly gained free time as much as the silent war at home. They were the cool kids, which meant I was cool now, too! They drank cheap boxed wine any night—school or weekend—they could pull enough money together. They came from divorced or one-parent families. No one was waiting for them to come home either. I felt understood. And so when the boxed wine made its round to me, I took a swig, and then another one. I despised the taste, but that didn’t matter; I belonged.

Over time, boxed wine turned into bottles of cheap liquor. At 17, I looked to alcohol to help me tune out any negative feelings and thoughts, while also smoking my lungs away, often coming home just as the sun was making its way into the sky, unable to piece together the full night from the tidbits I remembered. By 20, I could outdrink almost everyone in the group.

At age 20 was also when I moved to the U.S. In a matter of a single flight over the Atlantic, I became underage again, entering a much stricter country that wouldn’t allow me to even go to a bar. And I had to quit smoking because the host family I moved in with wouldn’t tolerate it. With no substance to help me escape my racing mind, I had my first panic attack. One piece of advice I received was to try exercise. Willing to do anything that would help prevent another similar episode, I bought a pair of cheap workout shoes and a YMCA membership. I found my way to the treadmill because it seemed to me the least intimidating equipment at the gym. To my surprise, I enjoyed it. 

But old habits are hard to shake, and I eventually turned 21. Although running was great, I felt no obligation to do it. So what if I skipped a day at the gym because of drinking the night away? I had fun, didn’t I? That’s what I told myself for the next nine years, while my hangovers grew progressively worse and I wasted weekends lying around, feeling sick.

So not being able to get out for a run on that sleep-deprived, heavy-headed morning after the mulled wine episode wasn’t that unusual. But this time, something shifted. Instead of my typical “so what” attitude, I grew mad. I had a goal to achieve, and therefore something needed to change. I decided to cut out alcohol for the remainder of my training. I promised myself I would celebrate with a Moscow Mule, my favorite cocktail, after I finished my birthday challenge.

I got through Christmas and New Year’s Eve sober—something that hadn’t happened since I was 14—and in January 2023 I ran my 30K. But when the time came to order that celebratory drink, I wasn’t in the mood. It was about a week later, when my legs recovered and I went out for an easy run, that I realized I was far more looking forward to putting in the morning miles than having a drink in the evening. So I decided to wait to drink until I truly felt like having one. Over a year later, that moment still hasn’t come.

Gradually, but surely, it has dawned on me that running helped me deal with my anxiety and stress in ways alcohol never truly did—that the benefits of running far outweigh whatever temporary numbness alcohol provided. I run a little faster on days my chest feels tight (and I entrust my invasive thoughts to my therapist instead of to alcohol).

This is not to bad-mouth booze and forget the fun times I surely had. I never planned to stop drinking completely, and somewhere down the line I might start over with alcohol in a healthier way. Who knows? For now, I’m much more excited about having a clear head, mornings with no hangover, and the miles I get to put in. For the first time in a long time, I can say I feel happy and in control of my life. Cheers to that!

(05/19/2024) Views: 589 ⚡AMP
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How to Add Hills to Your Marathon Training

Everything to know about adding inclines to training, including how often to tackle them and the best strength moves for prepping your legs.

Running a marathon is a difficult feat in and of itself. Add in a hilly course—like you’ll find in the Big Sur, Boston, New York City, or San Francisco marathons, for example—and that adds a new level of challenging. 

Having just run the Big Sur International Marathon, thanks to an invitation from the Hoka team last month, I learned the importance of incorporating hills into my marathon training cycle from Ben Rosario executive director of the HOKA Northern Arizona Elite in Flagstaff, Arizona, who was also my running coach. 

In order to prepare for the demanding elevation changes of the course, I tackled hills every week of my training. Being that I live in Eastern Pennsylvania with many rolling hills, it wasn’t hard to seek out inclines regularly. 

“You’re going to have a more enjoyable experience on race day, if you hill train throughout your marathon training,” says Rosario, whose advice rang true for me.

On race day, by mile 20, I had had enough of the hills mentally. Despite the breathtaking views of the Pacific ocean in the distance, six more miles still felt like an eternity in my head. However, I reminded myself that physically I had more to give because of the work I’d put into training, especially having pushed through so many tough climbs. I conquered the last 10K that day, and hit my marathon goal. 

So how can you add hills to your own marathon training plan? Can running hills all the time be too much? And what do you do if you don’t have access to hills? To answer these questions, we chatted with expert run coaches to find out their best tips for how to train for hilly marathons.

How Often to Incorporate Hills Into Your Marathon Training Plan

If you live in a hilly area there’s nothing wrong with running hills on your regular runs—it will only help you come race day, Rosario says. “Not the hilliest run you can find necessarily, but there is nothing wrong with having a little bit of up and down in your runs everyday,” he adds. 

If you don’t live in a hilly area, but you’re able to get to some place with hills, adding hills to your runs twice a week is smart, especially if you’re a more seasoned runner who has some base fitness. Incorporating hills into your weekly long run and speed session is a good place to start, Rosario suggests. 

For novice runners taking on a hilly marathon, who have never consistently run hills before, be careful not to take on too much too fast, as you can get injured if you add hills into your training too aggressively or too quickly, says Richelle Weeks, D.P.T., physical therapist, certified run coach, and marathoner in Ottawa, Canada. 

To make sure you don’t overdo it, Weeks advises new runners start with adding hills to one shorter run per week, until you get comfortable with climbing. Then, gradually add distance and more hills over the course of four to six weeks. “This is why I recommend a marathon training session be 20 weeks so there’s plenty of time to introduce hills,” says Weeks. 

She also recommends runners have a comfortable base of running fitness first, before tackling inclines. “Most runners who get injured training for a marathon get their injury in the first month or the last month,” Weeks says. That’s because runners often are upping too many variables at once, like frequency, volume, speed, and hills. “Build frequency and volume first to get a good base. Then add in hills or speed, one at a time,” she adds.

I have a five-mile loop from my home with four big hills involved, so I would always incorporate this loop into my weekend long run, sometimes doubling it as my distance increased over the weeks. In previous marathon training, I mainly stuck to flat paths for longer runs, but knew this wouldn’t help me train for Big Sur. While my times were slower on that loop because of the hills, I did notice the more I ran it, the more efficient I was at covering climbs. 

My weekend long run consisted of, on average, 1,200 feet of elevation gains for my 10- to 15-mile runs, reaching more than 1,500 feet for my 20-miler, which was helpful considering the Big Sur Marathon course features 2,182 feet of elevation gain. 

How to Prep for a Hilly Marathon on a Treadmill if You Don’t Live Near Hills

If you can’t find a hilly route, finding a treadmill with both incline and decline capabilities is the next best thing, says Rosario. For many runners who don’t have access to a treadmill with decline options, Weeks advises strength training to build your quadriceps, which you need strong to tackle tough descents (see moves below).

You can research the elevation changes on the course you’ll run, and simulate that on the treadmill. If you’re doing a 15-mile treadmill run, for example, Rosario suggests plugging in the course inclines based on the elevation changes. For example, if you notice your course has a 6-percent grade at mile nine that stretches for one mile, add that percent and duration into your treadmill workout. 

How to Handle Recovery Runs on Hills

It’s a good idea to keep recovery runs flat and easy during marathon training, as you want your easy runs to stay easy! If that means driving to a flat path or track, and you have the time, certainly do so, Rosario says. 

If you can’t get to a flatter area, it’s okay to have those hills on your easy runs, with one caveat: Accept that you’ll really slow down your pace. “If you’re doing a recovery run, make sure you keep it easy, and if that means stopping and walking to go up the hills to keep your heart rate low and to make it feel like a relaxed run, then walk up the hills,” says Weeks. 

For example, I ran some of the steeper hills on my recovery runs at a 10- to 12-minute mile pace, while my typical recovery pace is about a nine-minute mile. This strategy of adding hills to my recovery runs actually helped throughout the race. When the hills got long and taxing toward the end of the Big Sur course, I reminded myself to find my recovery pace and settle into it, so I could make it through the hills and feel strong for the subsequent miles.

The Garmin Forerunner 265S helped me maintain a lower effort on recovery runs, as I could keep an eye on my pace and heart rate, making sure I wasn’t exerting too much effort.

What to Do About Speed Workouts When Prepping for a Hilly Marathon

A mistake many runners make when it comes to training for a hilly marathon is tackling their hard workouts—like mile repeats or tempo runs—on the track or flat path that they’re comfortable with, Rosario says. The reason that’s an issue is because you’re not training your leg muscles to handle the demands of running hills at a harder effort.

Hill-based workouts ask more of the quads and calves and better prepare you for race day, Rosario adds, which is why speed workouts are precisely where you should incorporate hills. Just remember: “Hilly loops aren’t as cut and dry as training on a track,” he says, meaning your times are going to vary more as you run uphill and downhill, rather than sticking with a specific pace. 

If you’re doing a speed session with hills, pay attention to your effort instead of pace, Rosario says, and give the workout the same effort you would on the track. For example, if you’re doing mile repeats with hills at threshold, instead of focusing on trying to hit a specific time, focus on maintaining about a 6 to 7 on the RPE scale (that’s a hard effort, but you can still say a few words). 

Repeating the same hilly loop over and over again for those repeats will also help you see how you’re improving.

How to Strength Train for a Hilly Marathon

On average, two strength workouts a week is a good goal for most runners looking to prepare for a hilly marathon, says Weeks. Those workouts can include both uphill and downhill strength movements in each session. 

“In the classic hilly marathons like Boston and Big Sur, it’s the quads that are beat to shreds after the race,” says Rosario. That’s why it’s important to incorporate strength moves to build up the quads so they can withstand the impact.

If you’re a lower mileage runner (around 30 or fewer miles per week), you can do strength work on non-running days. High mileage runners who do two or more speed sessions per week and a long run would benefit from keeping their easy days easy and hard days hard. So Weeks suggests pairing strength work with speed days.

Form Tips for Running Hills in a Marathon

Downhills are more dangerous than the uphills, say Rosario, because they cause us to run in a way that is less efficient. “When we run up a hill, there’s no way to get up it except fairly efficiently,” he says. “You’re running in a way that’s as close to perfect [form] as possible [on the uphill].”

That said, you still want to focus on solid running form when going up an incline. Think about running with a tall posture (avoid dropping your head and shoulders), a forward lean from the ankles, and avoid overstriding by keeping your foot strike underneath you. Also, use your glutes to push off and offer power.

When running downhill, runners tend to land hard on their heels, which sends a lot of shock through and up the kinetic chain—from the heel to the legs and hips—which causes eventual soreness postrace because the body is having to violently absorb all that shock, Rosario says. 

Allow your feet to land closer to the hips, as opposed to way out in front of you in an overstride, as this creates a more gentle impact on the body, Weeks adds.

What runners need to practice, Rosarios says, is letting gravity do the work on the downhill. “You don’t want to bomb down the hill out of control, but you also don’t want to put on the brakes. You want to run as smoothly as possible down the hill,” he says. “It’s that medium effort that you want to find [running downhills] which takes time to learn and practice.”

As for accomplishing your hilly marathon: Give yourself grace, flexibility, plenty of time to train, and learn the marathon course you’ll run as best you can before race day. Marathons with a lot of inclines aren’t for the faint of heart, but now having raced one, I can say I’m proud I accomplished it. Afterall, American novelist and poet Jack Kerouac, who spent time living in a cabin at Big Sur in the 60s and traveling the United States wrote: “Because in the end, you won’t remember the time you spent working in an office or mowing the lawn. Climb that goddamn mountain.” In this case, just run it, for as long as you can. 

 

(05/19/2024) Views: 533 ⚡AMP
by Runner’s World
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How to Use Running to Overcome Your Anxiety, According to Experts

If you have running anxiety instead of finding relief in the movement, here’s why and how to change that.

I learned that I suffer from anxiety when, some 10 years ago at the age of 20, I checked myself into a hospital for what I was convinced was an impending heart attack. My chest felt tight, my breathing rapid, my head spinning, arms tingling. I couldn’t think straight. After a series of tests, the ER doctor told me that physically, I was healthy. Then he gently suggested what I’d just experienced may have been a panic attack.

That a mental state could manifest itself as physical symptoms was a complete revelation to me. I’d experienced a variety of them before (usually attributing them to post-illness recovery or environmental reactions) but not at this magnitude. To help treat my anxiety, among other things, he recommended aerobic exercise. Because of its low barrier to entry, I turned to running.

My controlled treadmill runs went fine, but the moment I ran outside, it took a mere few minutes before a wave of tension washed over my body, leading to the symptoms I knew so intimately: shortness of breath, a fast-beating heart, sweating. Running made me more anxious, I figured. I tossed the idea—together with my running shoes—in the corner, and that was where my short-lived running venture ended.

It would take years for me to lace up my running sneakers again. I had to learn about how to get into running gradually and pace myself, along with accepting that I can walk when I need to. Now, running helps me manage my anxiety in ways I’d never expect.

After talking to other runners and psychologists, I learned that my situation isn’t unique. So with the help of experts, we’re sharing tips on how to make running work for your anxiety, alleviating your symptoms instead of exacerbating it.

What is anxiety?

Anxiety is the world’s most common mental health disorder, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). 

“We have fear and we have anxiety,” says Arash Javanbakht, M.D., a psychiatrist and director of the Stress, Trauma, and Anxiety Research Clinic at Wayne State University, and the author of AFRAID: Understanding the Purpose of Fear, and Harnessing the Power of Anxiety. “Fear is when I’m perceiving a danger that is clear and identified. Anxiety is a vague state of fear when I’m worried about something happening with no specific thread detected yet.”

Around the world, 301 million people had an anxiety disorder in 2019, WHO reported, and although it’s highly treatable, only one in four people receive treatment.

We think of anxiety in two ways, says Jacob Meyer, Ph.D., an associate professor of exercise psychology and the director of the Wellbeing and Exercise Lab at Iowa State University. There is state anxiety, which is situational and can fluctuate throughout the day. Then there is trait anxiety, which, unlike state anxiety, stays with the individual and is thought of as less modifiable but can potentially improve with the right intervention over time.

Running can be part of this intervention.

What is the link between running and anxiety?

Running is scientifically proven to positively affect not only your physical, but also your mental health.

“People who exercise generally feel less stressed, less depressed, less anxious, less fatigued, more energetic, and tend to have better cognitive function,” Meyer says. “Almost any psychological process you might be worried about, at least in the short term, can be influenced positively by exercise.”

Zooming in on anxiety specifically, running can play an important role in treating the mental condition because it triggers the release of neurotransmitters like serotonin, a chemical that acts as a natural mood stabilizer, and a lack of which is linked to anxiety. It plays a role so important, in fact, that we dedicated a whole section to the science of it in The Runner’s World Guide to Mental Health.

As a plus, exposure to physical symptoms of anxiety can have a therapeutic effect, as you’ll learn to feel safer and more comfortable with these symptoms.

“Your brain automatically feels less worried about, say, increased heart rate or a tightness in the chest because it has happened over and over in a friendly environment where you had fun and nothing bad happened,” Javanbakht says.

By running, you’re creating more resilience against anxiety and exerting a bit of control over the situation.

How can you overcome running anxiety?

Understanding the science behind running’s positive influence on anxiety is a great first step toward utilizing the sport to improve your mental health. Here are some more suggestions on how to overcome running anxiety:

Get the official “clear”: If you have medical concerns, talk to your doctor to ensure you’re physically healthy and have no reason to worry about the sudden increase in heart rate or shortness of breath that aerobic exercise causes.

Start exposing yourself to running: If you previously thought of your running symptoms as anxiety symptoms, you created a link in your head that needs to be rewritten. One tool to help you do that is exposure therapy, especially in a controlled environment, like on a treadmill. “You crank it up, you feel your heart rate and your breathing getting labored, then you turn down the intensity,” says Jennifer Heisz, Ph.D., an associate professor in the department of kinesiology at McMaster University and the author of Move The Body, Heal The Mind: Overcome Anxiety, Depression, and Dementia and Improve Focus, Creativity, and Sleep. “As you watch all those body symptoms return to baseline, you realize you’re okay. In theory, exposing yourself to those symptoms can create a habituation to them so they’re not as fear-provoking.” 

Keep your run under control: Slow progress is key. While on the run, reach the level of anxiety you can tolerate, say four or five out of 10 on a scale of perceived exertion, and stay there, Javanbakht says. Don’t let it get up, instead, stay with it until it recedes. “You have now developed a new learning,” he says. “Master this level, don’t rush it because, at the same time, you’re gaining confidence. Then you can move to the next level of exertion. Gradually, you’ll overcome your anxiety.”

Find a running buddy or group: “Social support is a major factor in how people feel in response to activity,” Meyer says. Surround yourself with like-minded runners who match your pace and goals. From helping you keep it slow while chatting to distracting you from your symptoms, experiencing running alongside others, and having a support network right alongside you goes a long way—and so does accountability.

How can you deal with anxiety if it comes up on the run?

The anxious state often arrives unexpectedly. If you feel anxiety creeping up while running, try the following strategies:

Repeat to yourself: You’re safe: If your anxiety doesn’t have any roots in your physical state, reminding yourself that you’re safe can help reduce the feeling of anxiety, Javanbakht says. Remember that most of your anxieties are false alarms.

Reframe your thoughts: When you start experiencing symptoms you perceive as anxiety, such as sweating, instead of negative concerns, try to link it to a positive thing, being caused by the movement you’re doing. “Think, how do I link my behavior to my feelings in an intentional and systematic way? Let’s make it my goal to reorient the way I think about sweating,” Meyer says. The same goes for other symptoms. Reframe them as you go.

Practice mindfulness: Anxiety means that your mind is in the past or the future, instead of the present. Mindfulness exercises can help bring you back to your body. While on the run, pay attention to the sounds you hear, or look around and list the colors you see, with all its shades, Javanbakht says. You can use all five senses, including your bodily feelings, to ground yourself in your body and the present moment.

Try humming: In one of the latest podcast episodes of Brene Brown’s Unlocking Us, Esther Perel, a psychotherapist, explained the soothing benefit of humming, which not only recreates the sounds heard by a baby when still in utero and the sensation of hearing the voice on the inside, but also, while humming, you’re very likely to focus on doing that instead of other worries on your mind. “When you hum, you create a barrier, a space between the thought that is creating the anguish and your nervous system,” Perel says.

What if anxiety perseveres?

On days when you go for a run already feeling anxious, be extra kind to yourself. Your heart rate may be elevated or you may already feel short of breath going into it, so take it slower than you normally would. Taking a break from tracking metrics on apps like Strava and letting go of expectations may be beneficial.

“Uncoupling exercise from performance for mental health may help,” Heisz says. “On days I’m not feeling very good, I take the intensity off and just put in the time. More of a compassionate approach to exercise is absolutely necessary.”

In the end, just remember that you’re not anxious as your default, you just have anxiety. Not every run will feel like a million bucks, but it doesn’t mean that running isn’t your thing. Tomorrow is always another day for another run. 

As for me, it’s been a long journey to get here. These days, I run to soothe my anxiety, to silence it while being in control of the symptoms that once stood in my way. Hand-in-hand with therapy, I found it to be the best tool to help me make it through any day, but especially the ones ridden with anxiety. I may have been skeptical once, but I now believe that running is for everyone.

(05/12/2024) Views: 626 ⚡AMP
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Natasha Wodak on her last dash for the Paris Olympics

With her final attempt at qualifying for this summer’s Paris Olympics just days away, Canadian marathon record holder Natasha Wodak says she feels proud of her marathon build and confident going into Sunday’s Hamburg Marathon. After falling short of the Olympic standard at the Houston Marathon in January, Wodak quickly embarked on another marathon build.

Wodak, who is 42, runs less mileage than some other elite athletes, and her builds include a lot of cross-training, which provides an aerobic hit while minimizing the risk of injury. Wodak’s favourite mode of cross-training is to use the elliptical trainer, and she shared three ways the elliptical aids her training, for the benefit of newcomers and seasoned runners alike.

Injury prevention 

In 2020, after facing a series of injuries that resulted in Wodak developing arthritis in her toes, her coach at the time, 1984 Olympic bronze medallist Lynn Kanuka (she is currently coached by physiologist Trent Stellingwerff) decided to mix things up. “We were like, ‘if we’re going to do the marathon, it’s a big injury risk, so we’re going to do a lot of cross-training,’” Wodak says. That’s when Wodak started getting on the elliptical trainer two or three times a week, which significantly benefited her aerobic fitness without stressing her joints or soft tissues. (Studies show that low-impact exercise modalities, such as the elliptical trainer, provide a great way to avoid injuries to bone, tendon, muscle, or ligaments). With the elliptical, Wodak explains, “I know it’s going to feel good; it’s not going to hurt.”

Changing things up

Unlike other elite female marathoners, who typically hit 200 kilometres a week and do double workouts, Wodak normally runs 140 kilometres weekly and supplements doubling with workouts on the elliptical trainer. “I do feel somewhat unique as an elite marathoner,” Wodak says, “but you just have to find what works for you and not get carried away with the numbers … I’m not losing a lot of mileage this way, and it works for me,” she says.

In addition to changing up the mode, Wodak likes to find ways to change her scenery. Wodak’s hometown, North Vancouver, rains an average of 157 days a year. For Wodak, the elliptical provides a break from the often unpredictable and rainy climate. “We have an elliptical at home, so on a day when it’s pouring outside, I can watch TV set up across from me… it’s nice!” Wodak says with a laugh. 

Lowering the impact 

Compared to running outdoors or on a treadmill, research shows that the impact on leg muscles is reduced through elliptical training. “It uses many of the same muscles without the same impact, and it’s not hurting my toes,” Wodak explains. While running in Houston, she suffered an injury to her hamstrings, and a cramp in her right calf late into the race. To prevent any chance of injury this time, she stuck to the formula that works best for her: lower mileage and lots of cross-training. So far, it’s doing the trick. “The marathon build went well–better than I could have hoped for with the short turnaround, and it seems to be getting better with tapering,” says Wodak.

Just days before hitting the start line in Hamburg, Wodak says her body feels much more ready than in Houston. She recalls, “The week leading up, I had a gut feeling that the race wasn’t going too well, my body didn’t feel good, and I thought about postponing.” This time, Wodak says she feels at ease, enjoying quality time with her team in Germany instead of worrying. “You don’t want to sound cocky, but you really have to believe it wholeheartedly, so I’m trying to do that,” says Wodak. “I’m excited, ready to go, and going to run standard; it’s happening.” 

(04/26/2024) Views: 544 ⚡AMP
by Katrianna Desante
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Haspa Marathon Hamburg

Haspa Marathon Hamburg

The HASPA MARATHON HAMBURG is Germany’s biggest spring marathon and since 1986 the first one to paint the blue line on the roads. Hamburcourse record is fast (2:05:30), the metropolitan city (1.8 million residents) lets the euphoric atmosphere spill over and carry you to the finish. Make this experience first hand and follow the Blue Line....

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Try this workout anytime, anywhere

Adjust this bread-and-butter workout to suit whatever time and terrain you have available.

Even the most organized and well-prepared runner occasionally finds themselves scrambling to fit training into an overly busy schedule, or trying to slot it around unexpected life events. It’s helpful to have a few simple workouts that can flex with whatever time and terrain you have available. This session can fit seamlessly into your regimen, with customizable intervals to match your aim and ability.

No matter what your end goals are, you’re probably doing some combination of easy runs and speedwork, hill intervals and longer runs; most training plans also include tempo runs. Tempo sessions involve intervals that are run at a “comfortably hard” pace—this boosts your anaerobic threshold, so your body adapts to performing comfortably at a higher intensity.

The workout

Warm up with 10-15 minutes of easy running.

Run 5-10 x 3 minutes at 10K effort with 1 minute of easy recovery, aiming to stay consistent throughout all intervals.

Cool down with 10-15 minutes of easy running.

How to modify

If you’re training for a longer race like a marathon or ultra, extend your intervals and ease up on your pace. You should still be running at an effort that takes focus to maintain, but opt for a half-marathon pace (or slightly slower).

Short on time but still want maximum impact? Tighten up your intervals, ramp up your speed or cut your recovery time in half: try running 10 x 2 minutes with 30 seconds between intervals, at 5K pace. Feel free to shorten the length of your warmup and cooldown times, but make sure your legs feel fully prepared to work hard. Alternatively, if you have a few extra minutes when you have completed your cooldown and really want to finish your legs off, tack on a quick series of strength exercises, like these. 

This session works on the road, trails or treadmill, and if you’re training for a hilly race, simply take those intervals uphill. Make sure to follow a harder training session with an easy recovery or rest day.

(04/25/2024) Views: 498 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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Running with Your Dog Is Good for Your Health, According to Science

Running with your dog offers great health benefits for you and your four-legged friend. Here's what we know. We all know that running makes humans healthier. Lace up a pair of shoes and, before you know it, you’re experiencing a boosted immune system, stronger body, higher bone density, and enhanced overall wellness. In many ways, running provides athletes with a fountain of youth.

But running with your dog further maximizes those perks, allowing you to further capitalize on your time on the trail. It’s easy to write this idea off, claiming that dogs just make us happier, so, of course we’d love our doggy trail runs more than our solo runs. However, current research shows that owning and recreating with a dog not only boosts mental health, it also boosts your physical strength and fitness. After looking into the details, here’s what else we know about the benefits of running with your dog.Research consistently demonstrates that spending time outside has largely positive impacts on the human mind, helping to calm anxiety and depression while boosting concentration and attention. It turns out that owning a dog increases the amount of time that you spend outside. In fact, dog owners have been shown to spend three times the amount of time exercising than non-dog owners. Plus, your running endurance gets a huge boost when you grab your pet and hit the trails.

British runner and coach Holly Stables, a former elite international marathoner and mountain runner, said that sometimes the UK’s weather makes her want to train inside, but being a dog owner forces her to get outside. “Sometimes I want to go on the treadmill,” she said, “but I can’t because I have to take the dog out.”

She added that running with your dog is likely to make the pet stronger, which can be both a blessing and a curse. Once they reach that peak level of fitness, they need to more regularly blow off steam, making you even more accountable to getting outside.

Stables said that her dog is easily as excited to get out the door as she is (more on this later), a sentiment he conveys by sitting at the bottom of the stairs while she puts her running shoes on, which makes it really difficult to choose to leave him at home. However, finding the balance between taking your dog on a run and prioritizing your training can be tricky.“I think having a dog to run with, especially if you run a few times a week, is perfect. If you’re training really hard, it can be tricky,” she said.

For some runners, owning a dog might be just what they need to create a regular routine. Those who operate on a strict training schedule might find balancing doggy runs with training to be challenging. Or, in Stables’s case, sometimes she’ll take her dog out for the first few miles before dropping him off at home and continuing her journey.

Jeffrey Stern, a California-based runner and coach, agrees that owning dogs is more likely to get him out the door. “In my experience, most dogs want to get out and play and walk. It definitely keeps you active,” he said. “The daily walk, or even the daily double, is pretty non-negotiable. One of [my dogs] doesn’t like the rain; the other doesn’t mind the rain. But they’ve gotta get out. So even if we’re not running we’re walking or hiking. That’s definitely one of the benefits of having dogs—you can only be lazy to a point.”

Dog breeds and personalities vary widely, which means the effects of running with them may vary, too. Some dogs might be willing to sustain a fast pace for large chapters of time, while others might struggle with pacing or simply refuse to speed up.

Stern finds that his dogs increase the fun factor, and they often drive him to run faster. “I don’t run with them every day, but on the days I do we’re definitely moving,” he said. They add to his motivation, which can be a helpful tool on speed runs. “On days when I want to run fast, I’ll take them. They kind of know one speed until they drop (which is kind of the opposite of my training principle). I don’t think pacing is their strong suit.”

Stern’s dog’s relentlessness can be both a powerful tool and an Achilles’ heel. While the quality helps him increase his pace in some situations, it can be difficult to get his dogs to slow down their pace, which is why he’ll leave them home on moderate runs.Dog lovers almost immediately experience the feel-good release of oxytocin upon seeing a pup. Being around dogs not only makes many people happier, it also has a positive impact on their cardiovascular health.

A Swedish study that evaluated 3.4 million people between the ages of 40 and 80 with no history of heart disease found that dog owners had a 15 percent lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, dog owners are 31 percent less likely to die of heart-related conditions like strokes and heart attacks.

Not only do dogs seem to have a direct impact on heart disease, but they’ve also been shown to decrease heart rate and blood pressure in humans, meaning that they likely reduce stress and anxiety in conjunction with reducing heart disease risk factors.

Many of these benefits are reciprocal, meaning that dogs that run also experience a reduction in cardiovascular disease, too, while boosting joint health, respiratory function, and immune strength. And since dogs are also highly attuned to their owners, reducing your own anxiety and stress levels can help you to lower your dog’s levels, as well.Finally, you’re not the only one that experiences the runner’s high. Dogs also experience this phenomenon, according to a study that was published in the Journal of Experimental Biology. Like the human endocannabinoid high, the dog’s runner’s high can last anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours, leaving them in a better state of both physical and mental health, which can lead to longer lives.

Additionally, running with your dog not only makes them feel good, but it also seems to increase the human-pup bond. “My first pointer was the love of my life from the time he was a pup. They’re very willful. They can really test you. When I started running with him, he just clicked. He wanted to be with you. It was so cool to see,” said Stables.

While, admittedly, there isn’t a wealth of research that evaluates whether people who are more inclined to own a dog are simply more active, there does seem to be a link between dog ownership and wellness. The benefits of running with your dog extend beyond the experience of joy. They encapsulate everything from enhanced fitness and health, to more feel-good chemicals and positive mental health outcomes.

Do you want to hold yourself accountable to spending more time on trail? Are you looking for ways to improve your overall health? Chances are that taking a pup out might help. Although the specific benefits of running with your dog are varied, the movement certainly contributes to better overhaul health, consistency, and accountability for both you and your furry friend.

(04/20/2024) Views: 423 ⚡AMP
by Outside Online
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Here’s how “gratitude miles” can make you a happier, healthier runner

If you’re feeling low on motivation and pounding the pavement has lost its lustre, adding “gratitude miles” to your routine may be the revitalizing refresher you’re looking for. Mark White, founder of the Run Grateful initiative, explains that connecting running to gratitude can heighten your running experience and inspire connections with yourself, others and your surroundings.

“In its simplest form, we invite you to take a moment before you set off on your walk/run and focus on something you are grateful for, a person, a memory an experience,” the Run Grateful website says. Here’s what you need to know to make gratitude running part of your regime.

Run Grateful: the beginnings

“We are on a mission to help everyone experience at least one grateful mile in their lifetime, because we believe it won’t stop at one! If we are fortunate enough to have mobility, we must use it as a superpower,” Run Grateful founder Mark White writes on the initiative’s website.

In 2002, White was attending a drug rehab program and was introduced to gratitude work. “Mindfulness, meditation, gratitude and more was now a valuable part of my life that even influenced those around me,” he explains. Years later, White was supporting a friend in a 24-hour treadmill challenge that involved running one mile per hour. “I decided to attach each mile to gratitude, sharing about uplifting experiences, people in my life and more,” White says. “The day was overwhelming, inspiring and consequently RUN GRATEFUL was born!”

While the Run Grateful initiative offers socials for runners to connect at and seminars on gratitude running, you can easily incorporate their concepts into your training on your own.

3 steps to more mindful running:

While the basics of Run Grateful involve simply focusing on gratitude for any distance—be it a mile, a kilometre or your entire run, they also encourage delving deeper and boosting your gratitude sessions by adding mindfulness to your running. The initiative focuses on three things that can be incorporated into a variety of daily activities. “At Run Grateful we believe that if we can MOVE, CONNECT + REFLECT daily we give ourselves the best opportunity to navigate life, being open to what comes and have a framework to support our next steps,” the website explains.

Move

“Physically and mentally, how are we moving forward in life and have we got the momentum we need to progress?” White asks. Whether your focus of the day is an easy run, a strength training session or a tough mental challenge, make sure it is propelling you toward your goals in some way.

Connect

“Are we connecting with ourselves, with others and our surroundings?” White asks. Connecting also involves looking at your relationships and making sure you have healthy, supportive connections. Think about, and appreciate, who and what you are connected to in both your running and your life.

Reflect

Take a moment to look at your choices, and determine whether you are giving yourself the best possible opportunities in running and in life. Running reflection can be a powerful key to embracing a gratitude practice. “Do we take time to review past events? How can we improve and learn to take that into the next day?” White asks.

Adding some inspiration and zest back into your running routine can be as simple as focusing on the things that bring you joy as you run, and you may feel inspired to make mindful moments a permanent part of your training.

(03/28/2024) Views: 508 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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A Navy Dentist Trained for and Ran a Marathon While Out at Sea—All on a Treadmill

For 16 weeks, he followed Runner’s World’s training plan while deployed and ending up breaking four hours.

I always despised the treadmill. I was never able to run on it, partially because I was afraid that if my foot slipped too far off left or right, I would end up face-planted. Plus, what I love about running is being out in the wilderness and not having to run in a perfectly straight line, which is everything the treadmill isn’t: It’s confined and claustrophobic.

But I didn’t always love running the way I do now. As a kid, I played baseball and golf, so when I pivoted to running in high school, it was quite demanding physically and mentally at first. I ran both cross-country and track, and because I was part of a successful team—we won the state championship in track in 2003, and cross country in 2004 and 2005—it was challenging and took a lot of hard work. But even then, I enjoyed the mental challenge of pushing myself hard: No one can make you run, no one can force you, it’s all on you.

And for that reason—because I love to challenge myself—part of me always wanted to conquer my fear of the treadmill. Plus, when my buddy said I could not possibly train for and run a marathon on a treadmill during our back-then-upcoming deployment out at sea, it just made me want to do it all the more. But above all, there was one special person who motivated me to train: My wife, Jessee, and her recent BQ.

Jessee and I were both runners long before we met in college. We take the sport with us wherever we move with the Navy, joining group runs, and even racing together. But while Jessee has been getting faster, in late 2022, I was diagnosed with osteoarthritis, followed by months of rehab and uncertainty about whether I’d ever run another marathon again. However, I was determined to fully recover, following my physical therapist’s recommendations to a T.

While I was healing, Jessee was training for the Wilmington Marathon in February 2023, following the Runner’s World break 3:30 plan, hoping to beat the 3:35:00 cutoff for her age group and make it her Boston qualifier. Her final time was 3:31:33. I was there for the race, spectating, and the whole experience—from training to the race—awakened new determination in me. Could I qualify for Boston as well?

By then, I already knew I would be deployed in July 2023. As I slowly started to feel better, getting back to some easy runs, a plan formed in my head: I would commit to the same training plan Jessee had followed for her BQ—except my training would be solely on a treadmill on the Navy ship. 

To qualify for Boston in 3:05:00 for my age group, I knew I’d have to gradually improve my time from my existing PR of 3:58:17. I started training on the first day of our deployment, which set my treadmill marathon date for October 28, 2023. 

It was not an easy training block for sure. There had been a handful of days where the ship was rocking and pitching, which brought some surprising, unintentional hill workouts to my treadmill runs. There are no windows, so you just have to be aware and try to anticipate the next move. 

In the end, running in a straight line was the least of my worries—the toughest stage was handling the hot days while we were in the Persian Gulf. The heat index was 120 to 130 Fahrenheit outside, and the ship was very hot as well. But one of my favorite quotes is: “Smooth seas don’t make skilled sailors.” I knew that come marathon day, I’d be able to look back on those runs for motivation, knowing that I can do hard things.

In general, I don’t listen to music while running; I like to know what’s going on around me. But the treadmill doesn’t provide much excitement, so I came up with a plan. I read some Runner’s World articles that mentioned the physiological benefits of listening to music while running. I thought if I get through about 16 miles without music and then run the last 10 miles with music on, that should give me a good boost. I practiced it first for a few miles at the end of each long training run, figuring out what songs I wanted on my marathon playlist.

On the day of the marathon, the gym was 76 degrees, about 20 degrees more than all my previous marathons, so I expected the temperature to be a factor going into it. Around mile 18, I started to feel that heat seep in. And then, at mile 22, I felt a sharp pinch in my left groin, so I backed off a little bit. I was hoping for 3:30, but in the end, I finished at 3:43:58 (pure run time, as I had to restart the treadmill every 60 minutes). I ran almost 15 minutes faster than my previous PR though, and was now 15 minutes closer to Boston.

Overall I discovered this marathon training block supported my mental health. Out at sea, it can feel like Groundhog Day—every day is the same. Having a goal helped bring structure to my days. Having a plan gave me a focus and direction. The Runner’s World training plan included a description of what to do each day, running tips, nutrition, and sometimes a little pep talk. I didn’t have to think about it; I was just following what it prescribed.

Since the marathon, I’ve been running three or four times a week, focusing more on strength training, and figuring out what could be next. 

Besides Boston, Jessee and I also hope to eventually run a marathon on every continent. We will be moving to Washington D.C. soon, so for now, I hope to run the Marine Corps Marathon this fall and keep shaving time off my PR. 

While I’m glad I conquered the treadmill, I doubt I’ll do another treadmill marathon—I’m very much looking forward to running outdoors again, as soon as I return from my deployment.

These tips have made my running journey a success:

1. Work foam rolling into your routine

After my injury following the London Marathon, my physical therapist showed me some foam-rolling techniques for my quads and calves. Before and after every run, I get things loose and warmed up, and it really made a huge difference. By the time I did the treadmill training block, the injury was essentially nonexistent. It’s definitely changed the way I approach running.

2. Make yourself a playlist to boost your mood

Music is quite personal so I’d recommend checking out RW playlists and Spotify playlists, then make your own based on your taste. All genres—rock, rap, pop—can give you a boost in a different way.

3. Find a training plan

Even if you have never run competitively or are brand new to running, Runner’s World can help you figure out the smartest and safest way to start so you don’t do too much too soon and help avoid injury.

4. Find your running people

Googling “local running club” can help you find a community of like-minded people near you. This is a great way to make friends and learn more about running. My wife and I always find a running community every time we move with the Navy. We have made some lifelong friends and look forward to meeting more runners wherever the Navy takes us!

Mike's Must-Have Gear

→ Garmin Forerunner 55: I try to keep my running minimalistic, so I only use the watch for pace, time, and heart rate. There are probably a million other things the watch can do, but that’s enough for me.

→ Brooks Sherpa 2-in-1 running shorts: The boxer brief lining makes these the most comfortable running shorts I’ve ever worn. It’s kinda pricey, so I have only one pair that I wear on my long runs (maybe I'll invest in a second pair one day). The waistband is also very comfortable and the pockets are a perfect storage for my needs.

→ Balega socks: My wife got me a couple of pairs for this deployment, and I absolutely love them. They are a little pricey but so worth it.

(03/24/2024) Views: 587 ⚡AMP
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Practicing yoga breathing can make you a faster runner, new study says

Recent research sheds light on an unexpected ally in the quest for improved running performance: yoga breathing techniques. According to a new study published in the International Journal of Exercise Science, integrating yoga breathing practices into a runner’s training regimen can lead to significant enhancements in overall performance.

Researchers discovered that incorporating specific breathing exercises derived from yoga can yield remarkable results. By harnessing the power of controlled breathing techniques, runners can tap into a deeper reservoir of oxygen, improve respiratory efficiency and enhance endurance capacity..

The study

The study had experienced runners of various fitness levels, both male and female, who were enlisted to explore the effects of three specific yoga breathing techniques: Dirgha (breath awareness), Kapalbhati, and Bhastrika (high-frequency yoga breathing). Over three weeks, participants received instruction in these techniques, while a control group received no instructions.

Before and after the instruction period, both groups underwent running tests on a laboratory treadmill, maintaining a prescribed rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Remarkably, after the yoga breathing instruction, participants demonstrated a significant improvement in running pace while maintaining the same RPE as before. In contrast, the control group showed no change in pace.

Pranayama to power performance

The concept of using yogic breathing isn’t entirely new—past studies have demonstrated the profound impact of pranayama, or yogic breath control, on respiratory muscle function. Through regular practice of pranayama techniques, runners can strengthen the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, leading to more efficient oxygen uptake and utilization during exercise. This translates into better aerobic capacity, reduced breathlessness and prolonged endurance during long-distance runs.

How to get started

Dirgha Pranayama (three-part breath)

Inhale deeply, filling your belly, ribcage and chest with air. Exhale slowly, releasing the breath from your chest, ribcage and belly. Repeat for several rounds, focusing on smooth, controlled breathing.

Kapalabhati

Sit with a straight spine and take a deep inhale. Exhale forcefully through your nose by quickly contracting your lower abdomen. Follow each exhale with a passive inhale. Repeat this rhythmic pattern for several cycles, maintaining focus on the breath.

(03/21/2024) Views: 593 ⚡AMP
by Keeley Milne
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Conquer Your Longest Distance Yet With These 9 Tips

Ultrarunners and coaches share their best advice for building mileage without getting injured.

Whether you want to progress from a 5K to a half marathon or a marathon to an ultra, a few general rules on how to run longer can help you get there.

While building mileage and time on your feet is paramount, the key to doing it successfully involves patience and persistence. “As much as volume matters—volume is king—too much volume too soon can get you on the sidelines,” Bertrand Newson, RRCA-certified run coach and founder and team captain of Too Legit Fitness, based in San Jose, California, tells Runner’s World. 

Follow these tips from Newson and other coaches and ultramarathoners to successfully increase your mileage, avoid injuries, and crush your longest distances.

1. Build a Base, Then Keep It Consistent

“I steadily built up to running 250-mile races over many years, but I started by running one mile at a time,” says Sarah Ostaszewski, pro ultrarunner with Tailwind Nutrition who won the 2023 Ouray 100-Mile Endurance Run. “Build a strong base and try to keep a consistent running routine, so then adding a little extra here and there won’t seem so daunting.” 

Base training typically requires about four to eight weeks (before following a race training schedule) to strengthen your cardiovascular system and your muscles, but the longer you can regularly run and set a foundation, the better. Your base work should involve mostly easy runs, low mileage, and maybe low-key speedwork (depending on your fitness level), like ending a run with strides. This part of your training is all about consistency, rather than actually building mileage. 

Ultrarunner Mirna Valerio stays consistent by focusing on time on her feet, rather than distance. “This has been mentally freeing,” the author of A Beautiful Work in Progress tells Runner’s World. 

“I have a standing appointment with my treadmill a couple times a week,” says Valerio, who will aim to run a minimum of 12 hours a day over six days at the Lululemon Further event, an ultramarathon for women in March. “I just get it done, which incidentally is one of my mantras.”

2. Find Your Best Approach to Building Volume

If you’re new to running and want to run longer, add another day of a short, easy run to your schedule, suggests Stefanie Flippin, an ultrarunner, Lululemon ambassador, and doctor of podiatric medicine, who has earned a first-place finish at several 100-milers.

Maxed out on available days of the week? Add to your long-run mileage, which is what Leah Yingling, ultrarunner and biochemical engineer who will see how far she can run in 24 hours at Lululemon Further, does first when aiming to build volume. The general rule is to increase your weekly mileage by about 10 percent each week, adding to that long run. For example, if you currently clock 17 miles per week with three four-mile runs during the week and a long run of five miles on the weekend, you would keep your midweek mileage the same, but kick up your long run to about seven miles next weekend.

Yingling, and many other pros, also do two runs a day. While this won’t work for everyone, if you don’t have a significant single block of time, clocking some miles in the morning and again in the evening and resting between can help you clock more mileage. One must-do to make it work: Tame the intensity on at least one of those runs.

Charlie Lawrence, 50-mile world record holder, views his second run of the day as a sort of active recovery. He often goes for double digits in the mornings, then runs for about four miles (at minimum) in the evening, keeping the effort light. 

No matter what, testing out strategies to see what works for your schedule is the best way to run longer. “That might be adding a walk a few days a week in addition to your daily runs, or maybe you’re adding back-to-back long runs,” says Yingling. “Whatever you do, find something that is sustainable.”

3. Follow a Progressive Training Plan

A good training plan will slowly build mileage to decrease your risk of getting sidelined, as research shows taking on too many miles too soon is one of the biggest risk factors for overuse injuries. 

When choosing your training plan, you have to be realistic about the time you have to build up to the distance you want to conquer—and where you’re at now, says Newson. For example, if you have your sights set on a half or full marathon, think about what you can comfortably run today. Then, following the loose rule of adding 10 percent more miles each week, how long do you need to train? If you currently run five miles without stopping and feel good after, and can comfortably clock 12 miles per week, you can probably conquer a 10-week half marathon plan. 

Another important factor to look for when it comes to mileage on a training plan: recovery weeks. Newson explains you’ll typically see this as three weeks of building, then a week in which you back off mileage a little to give your body time to recover and actually make gains from all the work you put into your plan. This will also keep your body strong and help you sidestep aches and pains, he adds.

4. Keep Easy Runs Easy

You’ve heard it before but it’s especially true when trying to run longer: Don’t overdo your low-effort days. 

“It’s important for me to always run my easy runs, short or long, at a conversational, aerobic rate of perceived exertion. This means that I can easily chat with a training partner for the duration of my runs without becoming out of breath,” Flippin says, who also clocks her heart rate to make sure she’s in an easy zone. 

Don’t worry about what shows on Strava, either. “I think a lot of runners run their easy runs too hard and that is because of ego and they don’t want people to think they are slow,” says Devon Yanko, ultrarunner who’s placed first in several 100-mile races and will aim to conquer her longest distance over six days at the Lululemon Further event. “I delight in the idea that people may look at my Strava and think I am too slow, because on race day that won’t be the case!” 

More generally, applying the 80/20 rule to your training overall can also help you record more low-intensity runs, Newson says, as it means 80 percent of your workouts should happen at a low intensity, and 20 percent at a hard effort.

It’s these easy runs that will help keep you running consistently—the key that unlocks higher mileage. “A B+ average of consistent runs, strength work, and recovery measures stacked over weeks, months, and years will always trump sporadic A+ weeks followed by a total drop-off,” Flippin says.

5. Master the Long Run

For most people, the long run will make up the bulk of your weekly mileage, but it doesn’t just help you clock more time on your feet. It also teaches you mental stamina, how to deal with fatigue, and it can help you get comfortable with being uncomfortable. With years of practice, this is what many pros say pulls them through farther distances.

Even though Lawrence can deal with being uncomfortable for long periods of time, he still turns to mind games to mentally check off miles. For example, he often breaks a race down into small, manageable chunks, often focusing on the next fuel stop (typically about every four miles) as a check point. If he’s struggling to get to the next four-mile marker, he may tell himself he’ll feel better in 10 to 15 minutes and checks in again then. 

In addition to breaking your long run up into segments, Newson also suggests dedicating each mile to someone else, which takes it outside of yourself and gives you another reason to keep going, and says to focus on the mile you’re in, simply putting one foot in front of the other. 

Finally, the long run is the perfect time to practice your fueling and fluid intake, Newson says, considering you need energy to clock longer miles. Aim to take in carbs when going for 90 minutes or longer, and go for about 30 to 60 grams per hour after the first hour. 

6. Schedule a Few Harder Workouts

To build endurance, you want to run long, but you can also add intervals and speed work into your schedule. 

Lawrence gets on the track for VO2 max-specific workouts at least once a week. VO2 max is the amount of oxygen you can take in while running and is a major marker of fitness—the better this metric, the easier running will feel, which will help you go longer with less effort. Focusing on VO2 max intensities on runs means going for about 90 to 100 percent of your max heart rate or about 5K pace, and it could involve intervals like 400-meter repeats. 

You could also focus on lactate threshold training. Your lactate threshold is the point at which your body produces lactate at a rate you can no longer clear, leading to fatigue. To help you prolong that side effect—helping you go faster for longer—practice running at your threshold pace. (Here’s how to calculate your running speed at lactate threshold). 

To do this, Ostaszewski prefers longer interval workouts with work periods ranging from six to 10 minutes near aerobic threshold. But tempo runs at your threshold speed are also smart. 

7. Supplement Your Runs With Mobility and Strength

Before you jump into high mileage, you need a solid warmup. Lawrence has been doing the same activation drills before runs for a long time. He starts with foam rolling most of the lower body, then does a series of exercises, like:

Leg swings

Down dog to lunge rotation

Ankle mobility moves

Banded work, like glute bridges

This go-to routine wakes him up and gets him in run mode, even when he’s not feeling it. 

Cross-training workouts are also key. Valerio mixes strength training, mobility workouts, Pilates, and rowing into her training schedule, which she says helps her avoid overuse injuries. Meanwhile, Flippin points to strength training in particular as crucial to running longer. She suggests starting with one day a week to build consistency, then adding on days from there. 

Lawrence focuses specifically on doing core workouts every day (one of his go-to moves: the ab roll out), along with dedicated gym time for lifting, in which he conquers moves like hex bar deadlifts.

8. Make Recovery a Priority

Many pro runners turn to a solid nutrition practice to jumpstart recovery and fuel future performances. “I ensure I’m always getting in carbohydrates and protein within 30 minutes of finishing a key workout or long run,” Yingling says.

Finding time for other recovery practices, like mobility work, foam rolling, even meditating, can also support your training and get you prepped for the next round of mileage, Newson says. Full rest days are also important, especially if you’re feeling any aches and pains.

And you can’t forget about sleep for recovery—striving for at least the recommended seven to nine hours—especially for those looking to push their mileage. 

9. Don’t Rely on Motivation Alone

Running your longest distance takes dedication and determination, but don’t expect to feel motivated every day. “People often wait to do things until they are motivated, when instead, they should have been focused on completing their plan or working toward their goal,” says Yanko. “I don’t jump out of bed every morning peppy and excited to run, but I am committed to doing the work and thus, I simply get the work done.”

Yanko also suggests tapping into curiosity to keep you going longer. “That is, instead of being intimidated by a workout or long run, I allow myself the opportunity to be curious about what might happen if I simply begin the session,” she says. “I do not believe that one workout or one long run ‘proves’ anything about my fitness or ability to race, so having curiosity means I can get into a session and allow it to unfold with confidence that if I just continue to show up and do the work, I will build my fitness brick by brick.”

Newson also suggests a running group to keep you accountable and consistent, and to elevate the fun of your workouts. 

“On the mental side, I always try to see the big picture and remember that all the miles I’m running are for fun and for my own personal enjoyment,” Ostaszewski adds. “I’m always aiming to enjoy the process and recognize growth in the journey.”

(03/10/2024) Views: 513 ⚡AMP
by Runner’s World
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