Running News Daily

Everything to know about the MAF method and letting heart rate guide your runs.

Runners often turn to time or distance, pace or feel to guide their workouts. But to get more precise about intensity, heart rate training offers an objective view of how hard you’re working and can help you get the most out of each step. 

One way to tune into heart rate: the Maffetone method, a.k.a. MAF method. It’s a strategy based on maintaining a low heart rate for most of your runs, with the goal of revving your fat-burning engine and help you avoid injury, illness, and overtraining.

“I’ve coached hundreds of runners through MAF, and for some, it’s been a complete game changer; for others it’s just been massively frustrating,” says Amanda Brooks, Denver-based running coach and founder of Run to the Finish. 

So what is the MAF method exactly, and is it for you? Let’s break it down.

The Idea Behind the MAF Method

This training strategy was created by Phil Maffetone, an applied kinesiologist, following decades of his clinical research about heart rate training. It can be called the Maffetone method or simply MAF—which is (obviously) short for his name but which also stands for maximum aerobic function. 

“The thesis behind the MAF method is that low heart rate training will allow runners to build endurance while reducing their injury risk and avoiding fatigue,” explains Laura Norris, owner and coach at Laura Norris Running in Boulder, Colorado. “This low heart rate zone is where the body oxidizes a higher ratio of fat than carbohydrates for energy production.” 

In other words, MAF keeps you in what’s considered the “fat-burning zone”—though it’s a misconception that running this way always equals fat loss, says Brooks. The benefit is more so that you train your body to run off of fat as fuel, which doesn’t burn as quickly as carbohydrates, so you can run longer.

To take advantage of the MAF method, you need a device to actually track your heart rate, whether that’s a smartwatch or chest strap (research suggests the latter is more accurate in some cases). 

How the MAF Method Works

The MAF method is based on a very straightforward formula: Take 180 (a number Maffetone came up with based on his research) and subtract your age. The resulting number is your max heart rate in beats per minute (bpm), which you should stay under for most runs. 

So, if you’re 40 years old, your heart rate shouldn’t go north of 140 bpm for nearly all your miles. In other words, it ensures that most of your running is easy running, which is the principle that most coaches recommend whether you’re following MAF or not.

But the plan does take a few other factors into account: 

If you’re recovering from a major illness or injury, subtract 10 beats

If you’re not improving in your training or are just coming back to training, or if you get a cold or the flu at least twice a year, subtract 5

If you’ve been training for at least two years without any injury, add 5

If you’re over 65, add up to 10 

If you’re under 16, use 165 bpm for your max

Does sticking under one number for your heart rate for most runs feel too strict though? For some people, it is, says Brooks. “Like most heart-rate running formulas, it doesn’t work for everyone,” she says.

On the other hand, the formula’s simplicity is what makes it so accessible for a wide audience. “It helps give people a guideline for figuring out what easy running should feel like,” Brooks adds. 

Contrary to popular belief, MAF doesn’t mean every single run should be done at a low heart rate. “Many people don’t realize that once you’ve been doing it for a while to build your base or return to running, you are absolutely supposed to start adding back in speed work,” says Brooks. “Then it really turns into a more traditional 80/20 program, but the easy days are defined by your MAF heart rate.”

Benefits of Using the MAF Method

“Where MAF can shine is for runners who have consistent issues with injuries or coming back from illness—it gives them a more specific way to guide training and often prevent running slightly too hard all the time,” says Brooks.

In research that Maffetone conducted, 76 percent of runners who used the method leading up to a 5K improved their race time and only 9.5 percent got an injury, compared with nearly 62 percent of runners who got injured when they maintained their normal training schedule instead of MAF. 

The MAF method is beneficial because of its emphasis on easy running, which should make up the bulk of any running routine. “Whether you call it low heart rate training, zone 2 training, or easy running, there are numerous benefits to runs below one’s aerobic threshold,” says Norris. 

For example, because running at a low heart rate spares glycogen (in favor of fat burning), you can often keep running longer at this intensity and with less fatigue afterward. “Plus, easy running places less stress on the musculoskeletal system, so you can run more mileage while controlling your injury risk,” Norris adds.

Drawbacks of Using the MAF Method

The formula for MAF is simple, which makes it very easy to use, but it can also be limiting. “Some individuals are outliers—they will have higher or lower heart rate zones than generic formulas predict,” says Norris. 

New runners and those over 40 often find it tricky to keep their heart rate low enough. Plus, adds Norris, factors other than age can affect heart rate. “Caffeine consumption, anxiety, hydration status, iron levels, and other variables will all alter your heart rate during exercise,” she says. “You may still be in an aerobic zone, but your heart rate may become decoupled from your oxygen consumption [your aerobic zone] due to caffeine ingestion or dehydration.”

Furthermore, using MAF does require wearing a heart rate monitor so you can keep an eye on your exact number throughout your runs. “Some runners get highly stressed out watching their heart rate,” says Brooks. 

Being that focused on specific numbers isn’t always necessary to achieve results. Runners who trained guided by rate of perceived exertion (RPE) showed similar improvements over six weeks of training, as those who ran guided by their heart rate in a study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research in 2017.

The Bottom Line on the MAF Method for Runners

MAF can be an approachable training technique to help ensure you’re not pushing too hard on what should be easy runs (that is, the majority of your mileage). But like any running plan, it takes some adjustments and isn’t ideal for everyone. 

“Whenever trying out a new training method, it’s important to assess whether you enjoy running any more or less with this approach,” says Norris. “If you don’t enjoy heart rate training, MAF is not for you.”

Some victories are measured by finish times. Others are defined by the obstacles overcome simply to reach the starting line.

For American Paralympic swimmer Ali Truwit, completing the New York City Marathon represented far more than covering 26.2 miles. It was the culmination of an extraordinary journey of survival, resilience, and unwavering determination that began with a life-altering shark attack just two years earlier.

On a crisp November morning in 2025, Truwit crossed the iconic finish line wearing a carbon-fibre running blade, fulfilling a promise she had made while recovering in a hospital bed after losing her lower left leg. The emotional milestone marked another remarkable chapter in one of the most inspiring comeback stories in modern sport.

The road to that unforgettable finish began only days after Truwit celebrated a major personal achievement. In May 2023, she completed her first marathon in Copenhagen alongside her mother. Just ten days later, while enjoying a graduation trip to Turks and Caicos with former Yale swimming teammate Sophie Pilkinton, tragedy struck.

While the pair were snorkelling, a shark attacked Truwit, severely injuring her left leg. Displaying remarkable courage, the two swam approximately 55 metres back to their boat, where Pilkinton—then a medical student—quickly applied a tourniquet that stopped the bleeding and ultimately saved Truwit's life.

Doctors were forced to amputate her lower left leg on her 23rd birthday.

Even in the darkest moments of recovery, Truwit's determination never disappeared. Reflecting on having recently completed her first marathon, she joked with one of the first responders that at least she had managed to run a marathon before the attack. The responder's simple but powerful reply would remain with her throughout rehabilitation: "You'll run another one."

Those words became a source of hope during the long and demanding road back.

Only weeks after surgery, Truwit began learning to walk on a prosthetic limb before gradually returning to the swimming pool. The process was anything but straightforward. The water that had once been her sanctuary became a source of painful memories, yet she refused to allow fear to define her future.

Her relentless work ethic soon produced extraordinary results.

Less than 16 months after the attack, Truwit represented the United States at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games, producing a sensational performance to claim both silver and bronze medals. Standing on the Paralympic podium was a powerful reminder of how far she had come in such a short period, and she dedicated those achievements to everyone who had helped save her life.

Still, another dream remained unfinished.

The New York City Marathon carried deep personal significance. It was not merely another endurance event but a symbolic return to the city where her life had changed forever. On November 2, 2025, she lined up in Staten Island accompanied by 13 family members and close friends, all proudly representing her nonprofit foundation, Stronger Than You Think. Among them was Pilkinton, the friend whose quick thinking had preserved her life on that unforgettable day in the Caribbean.

Together, they covered every mile of the marathon before celebrating an emotional finish that Truwit later described as being "over the moon."

Completing a marathon on a carbon-fibre running blade presents challenges far beyond those faced by able-bodied runners. The prosthetic demands greater strength from the hips, core, and remaining leg while requiring exceptional balance, coordination, and endurance. Truwit's preparation combined months of disciplined training, patience, and mental resilience as she effectively taught herself how to run again.

Her story extends well beyond medals and marathon finishes.

Inspired by her own recovery, Truwit founded Stronger Than You Think, a nonprofit organisation dedicated to helping individuals overcome physical and financial barriers following limb loss. Recognising that sports prosthetics can cost tens of thousands of dollars and are often not covered by insurance, the foundation provides financial assistance for prosthetic devices, supports water-safety education, and promotes opportunities within Paralympic sport.

The organisation has already helped provide more than 11 prosthetic limbs, delivered nearly $200,000 in direct support, and funded over 4,000 hours of water-safety lessons benefiting more than 700 young people.

Throughout her journey, Truwit has remained refreshingly honest about the emotional challenges that continue to accompany recovery. She has openly acknowledged that healing is an ongoing process and that grief can still come in waves. Rather than portraying an effortless comeback, she has demonstrated that resilience is built through persistence, even on the hardest days.

Her remarkable transformation resonates far beyond elite sport. While few people will ever experience the trauma she endured, countless runners and athletes understand the frustration of injury, disappointment, or rebuilding after adversity. Truwit's journey serves as a powerful reminder that recovery is rarely linear and that courage is often measured by the willingness to keep moving forward despite uncertainty.

Now looking ahead to the Los Angeles 2028 Paralympic Games, Truwit continues to redefine what is possible. She is no longer known simply as the swimmer who survived a shark attack. She has become a Paralympic medallist, marathon finisher, advocate, and symbol of resilience whose story continues to inspire athletes around the world.

Her journey proves that while life can change in an instant, so too can the strength of the human spirit. Sometimes the greatest triumph is not returning to the person you once were, but discovering someone even stronger than you ever imagined possible.

Sprint and hurdles superstar Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone has entered an exciting new chapter in her remarkable life, welcoming her first child with husband Andre Levrone. The four-time Olympic champion and women's 400m hurdles world record holder announced the birth of their daughter, Savannah Michelle Levrone, who was born on Sunday, July 12, 2026.

The couple shared the joyful news with an emotional message celebrating the arrival of their daughter and expressing gratitude to everyone who supported them throughout the pregnancy. Sydney described Savannah as "our blessing and our joy," while expressing excitement and faith for the future that lies ahead for their growing family.

The announcement marks a deeply personal milestone for one of the most accomplished athletes of her generation. Renowned for redefining the women's 400m hurdles through a succession of record-breaking performances, McLaughlin-Levrone now embraces a new role beyond the track as a mother.

The timing of the announcement adds another layer of significance. Just days earlier, Sydney reflected on the 10th anniversary of qualifying for her first Olympic Games at only 16 years old—a breakthrough that launched one of the most decorated careers in modern athletics. Ten years later, her journey has come full circle with another life-changing milestone, underscoring that her greatest moments continue to extend beyond sporting success.

The arrival of Savannah Michelle Levrone has been met with an outpouring of congratulations from athletes, fans, and the wider sporting community, who have celebrated the couple as they begin this new chapter together. As Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone steps into motherhood, the athletics world will undoubtedly continue to follow her inspiring journey—both on and off the track.

Ethiopia's Tsige Gebreselama produced one of the standout road running performances of the season on Sunday, storming to victory at the prestigious Boilermaker Road Race 15K in Utica, New York, with a sensational course record of 47:29.

From the opening kilometers, Gebreselama controlled the race with remarkable composure and precision, maintaining a relentless pace that ultimately erased the previous course record and secured one of the fastest performances ever recorded on the historic course. Her commanding display further reinforced her reputation as one of the world's leading road and distance runners.

The Ethiopian celebration continued as Melknat Wudu crossed the finish line in second place in 47:44, completing a dominant one-two finish for her country. Kenya's Priscah Cherono claimed third in 48:14 after a determined effort, rounding out a world-class podium in a race featuring some of the finest distance runners on the international circuit.

The battle behind the podium remained fiercely competitive. Kenya's Everlyn Kemboi finished fourth in 48:28, narrowly ahead of compatriot Selah Busienei, who clocked 48:31 for fifth. Ethiopia's Netsanet Desta and Alem Nigus Tsadik followed in sixth and seventh respectively, while Kenya's Mercy Cherono secured eighth place.

American athletes also delivered encouraging performances on home roads. Veteran Stephanie Bruce finished ninth in 50:40, with Jackie Gaughan completing the top ten in 51:02 to cap a strong showing for the host nation.

Boilermaker Road Race 15K – Women's Top 10 Results

1. Tsige Gebreselama (Ethiopia) – 47:29 (Course Record)

2. Melknat Wudu (Ethiopia) – 47:44

3. Priscah Cherono (Kenya) – 48:14

4. Everlyn Kemboi (Kenya) – 48:28

5. Selah Busienei (Kenya) – 48:31

6. Netsanet Desta (Ethiopia) – 48:46

7. Alem Nigus Tsadik (Ethiopia) – 48:48

8. Mercy Cherono (Kenya) – 50:23

9. Stephanie Bruce (United States) – 50:40

10. Jackie Gaughan (United States) – 51:02

The women's race combined exceptional depth with remarkable speed, as several athletes broke the 49-minute barrier in a contest that showcased the global strength of elite road running. Gebreselama's record-breaking run now stands as a new benchmark in the rich history of the Boilermaker 15K, adding another memorable chapter to one of the United States' most celebrated road races.

Kenya's Alex Matata delivered a sensational performance to claim the men's title at the prestigious Boilermaker Road Race 15K in Utica, New York, producing a dominant run that underlined his growing reputation as one of the world's finest road racers.

Matata surged to victory in an outstanding time of 42:24, mastering the demanding course with a display of strength, speed, and tactical brilliance. His commanding performance secured a memorable triumph in one of the United States' most celebrated road races, adding another significant international victory to his career.

Kenya's success was further highlighted by Kiprono Sitonik, who produced an equally impressive run to finish second in 42:53, completing a remarkable one-two finish for the East African nation. South Africa's Adam Lipschitz rounded out the podium after clocking 43:14 to claim third place following a determined effort.

The race featured a highly competitive international field, with American athletes Reid Buchanan and Hillary Bor finishing fourth and fifth respectively, while another Kenyan, Victor Shitsama, added to his country's strong showing by taking sixth place.

Matata's victory once again showcased Kenya's enduring strength in global road racing, as its athletes continued to dominate major international competitions through exceptional endurance, tactical awareness, and relentless finishing speed. His performance in Utica not only thrilled the spectators lining the streets but also reinforced the depth of Kenyan distance running on the world stage.

Men's Top 10 Results – Boilermaker Road Race 15K

1. Alex Matata (Kenya) – 42:24

2. Kiprono Sitonik (Kenya) – 42:53

3. Adam Lipschitz (South Africa) – 43:14

4. Reid Buchanan (United States) – 43:38

5. Hillary Bor (United States) – 43:40

6. Victor Shitsama (Kenya) – 44:02

7. Futsum Zienasellassie (United States) – 44:32

8. Charlie Sweeney (United States) – 44:37

9. Sam Lawler (United States) – 44:54

10. Tyler Berg (United States) – 45:08

With another major road racing title added to his résumé, Alex Matata continued his impressive 2026 campaign while reinforcing his status as one of the leading names on the international road racing circuit. The Boilermaker 15K once again delivered a high-quality contest, with athletes from across the globe producing memorable performances in one of the United States' most prestigious road races.

Eliud Kipchoge's remarkable World Tour continued on Brazilian soil as the Kenyan marathon icon completed the New Balance 42K Porto Alegre Marathon, crossing the finish line in 2:18:39 to place 12th overall during the second stop of his ambitious seven-continent global running tour.

Competing against a strong international field, the two-time Olympic marathon champion displayed the resilience and determination that have defined his legendary career. While the result was not among the victories that have made him one of the greatest marathon runners in history, Kipchoge once again demonstrated the unwavering commitment that continues to inspire athletes and fans across the globe.

Morocco's Zineddine Ouria claimed victory in a superb 2:08:49, with Kipchoge finishing 9 minutes and 50 seconds behind the race winner after navigating the demanding course in Porto Alegre.

Kipchoge began the race with controlled and confident pacing, reaching 5km in 15:34 before passing the halfway mark in 1:05:07. As the race entered its decisive stages, the pace gradually slowed, but the veteran marathoner pressed on with characteristic determination, completing the 42.195-kilometre challenge in 2:18:39.

For many, the story will be told through the finishing position. But for those who truly understand greatness, this journey is about far more than medals, records, or podium finishes. Kipchoge's World Tour is a celebration of the sport itself—an opportunity to connect with runners across every continent, inspire the next generation, and continue living by the philosophy that has become synonymous with his career: "No Human Is Limited."

The Brazilian appearance also carried added significance, coming shortly after Kipchoge was permanently honoured in Porto Alegre with his footprints unveiled at the entrance of Parque Harmonia—a lasting tribute to his extraordinary impact on distance running and his enduring legacy in the sport.

Once a champion. Forever an inspiration. Legends do not stop inspiring when the victories become fewer; they inspire because they never stop showing up. Through every stride, every finish line, and every challenge embraced, Kipchoge continues to prove that true greatness is measured not only by what an athlete wins, but by the lives they touch along the way.

With the second stop of his World Tour now complete, Kipchoge will turn his attention to the next chapter of his global adventure when he lines up at the Melbourne Marathon in Australia this October. Wherever he races, millions will once again follow the journey of a man whose legacy extends far beyond the stopwatch.