Running News Daily

The men’s four-minute mile barrier was once considered impossible—until Roger Bannister broke through on May 6, 1954, clocking 3:59.4. It marked a seismic shift in the world of athletics, changing not only what runners believed was possible, but what the sport expected from its best. Seven decades later, that milestone remains sacred in the women’s mile. The closest anyone has come is Faith Kipyegon of Kenya, who ran 4:07.64 at the Monaco Diamond League on July 21, 2023, smashing the previous world record.

But is a sub-four-minute mile for women still a distant dream—or are we on the cusp of another historic breakthrough?

“I remember when Roger Bannister broke four minutes for the mile,” says My Best Runs founder Bob Anderson. “It was such an exciting moment in history. I think it will be even more exciting when a woman joins the club.”

Faith Kipyegon: The Closest So Far

Faith Kipyegon has redefined what’s possible in women’s middle-distance running. Her 4:07.64 run in Monaco wasn’t just a world record—it was a display of precision pacing, power, and race execution. In that race, every single runner set a personal best, national record, or season best. But for Kipyegon to cut another 7+ seconds from that time—down to 3:59.9—would take another leap forward.

She’s already run a 3:49.11 in the 1500m, the fastest time in history. Converted directly, that performance suggests a mile potential close to 4:07–4:05, but a sub-4:00 mile would require averaging approximately 59.8 seconds per 400 meters—four consecutive laps at a pace that currently no woman in history has sustained.

Legality Matters: What the Rules Allow

There has been plenty of discussion about whether women might break four minutes with the help of male pacemakers, similar to what’s been done in mixed road races. But here’s the reality: if a performance is going to count as a world record—or even be considered legitimate in top-level track competition—it must be done in a women-only race.

That means:

• Pacemakers must be female.

• They must be officially entered in the race.

• They must start with the field and not enter partway through.

These rules, established by World Athletics, ensure a level playing field and maintain the legitimacy of records. Male pacers are sometimes used in road races (like marathons and half marathons), particularly in mixed-gender fields, but their use invalidates a performance for women’s-only world record purposes.

So while some researchers have speculated that aerodynamic drafting with perfectly placed pacers could help a woman run 3:59, such scenarios often suggest using alternating pacers (ahead and behind) or male runners, neither of which is legal in women-only track events.

So How Could It Happen—Legally?

If it’s going to happen the right way, the most likely path forward includes:

• Female pacemakers: Even if a sub-four-mile requires a woman to finish the job solo, having another woman help with the first two or even two-and-a-half laps is still legal and useful. But that pacer would have to run the first 800–1000 meters at 4:00 mile pace—meaning 2:00–2:30 for 800–1000 meters. That’s a world-class performance on its own.

• Smart pacing and preparation: The sub-four will take near-perfect training, likely at altitude or with world-class facilities and recovery. It may require peaking for just one race with laser-focused timing.

• Technological and environmental optimization: Legal shoe tech, fast track surfaces, calm weather (for outdoor races), and ideal pacing rhythm will all play a role.

Who Might Do It?

Faith Kipyegon is the leading candidate today. She has shown the range, consistency, and drive needed to make history. But others may be in the wings—young talents with 1500m PRs in the low 3:50s and raw speed over 800 meters could have the perfect blend of endurance and turnover.

It’s also likely that, like Bannister’s 1954 run, the moment will come with the help of a team: pacemakers who understand their job, a well-timed race, and a field that pushes the pace without hesitation.

Final Thoughts

A sub-four-minute mile by a woman is not just a mathematical milestone—it’s a cultural one. It would mark the end of one of the last iconic gender-separated barriers in track and field. It would also be a celebration of decades of progress in training, physiology, opportunity, and competition.

The question is no longer “if,” but “when.”

And when it happens, it might just be one of the greatest moments in the sport’s history.