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As you slog through those final dog-day runs of late summer, you’re no doubt making sure to replace all the fluids you sweat out—just as you never forget to floss and always send thank-you notes after dinner parties. In case you ever slack off, though, consider the following odd—and oddly reassuring—study.
Scientists at Loughborough University’s National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine in Britain, led by Lewis James, put a group of volunteers through a series of gruelling 15-minute cycling time trials in a heat chamber set to 34 C and 50 per cent humidity. Before each time trial, they did enough light exercise to sweat out two per cent of their starting body weight. Then the researchers snaked a feeding tube down their nose or throat and reinfused some of the fluids—or not.
The subjects thought they were testing the effects of different sports drinks. In reality, the scientists infused just enough water directly into their stomachs to set their dehydration level at 1.6 per cent. Then they lied to the subjects and told them either that they were two per cent dehydrated, or that they were fully rehydrated. The only difference between trials was what the subjects believed about their hydration. The result: their performance decreased by six per cent when they thought they were dehydrated, and they reported higher levels of thirst. Conversely, they reported more stomach fullness and bloating after the fictitious rehydration.
Such trick studies aren’t entirely new. James and his colleagues have published previous studies with a higher level of dehydration—three per cent—and, in that case, performance suffered equally, regardless of what the subjects believed about their hydration status. And back in 2015, Brock University’s Stephen Cheung used intravenous drips to manipulate hydration levels; in Cheung’s study, even three per cent dehydration had no apparent effect on cycling performance.
It’s not just dehydration that’s, at least in part, “in your head.” One study found that you’ll be less alert and more fatigued if you’re given fake sleep-tracker data that incorrectly suggests you had a bad night of sleep. A heating pad in the small of your back that makes you feel warm will make you run slower, even if the amount of heat it provides is too small to actually change your body temperature. A swig of sports drink will boost your performance, even if you spit it out rather than swallow it.
The wrong message to take from all this is that hydration—and heat and sleep and so on—doesn’t matter. The battle over hydration has been raging for almost two decades. It started with South African researcher Tim Noakes pointing out flaws in the existing dehydration research, most notably that the vast majority of studies didn’t distinguish between thirst and dehydration—and didn’t blind subjects to their condition. Those kinds of studies, as James’s new study makes clear, do indeed make dehydration seem worse than it really is.
Noakes wrote a book in 2012 called Waterlogged that pushed this argument to extremes, suggesting most dehydration research was a conspiracy funded by sports drink companies. True dehydration, he suggested, would be marked by the signs observed in a company of soldiers who got lost in the Texas desert in 1877: “an uncontrollable desire for water; inability to detect the presence of fluid or food in the mouth; inability to masticate food; uncontrollable desire to ingest any fluid, even blood or urine.” Others joined the fray; CrossFit launched a public campaign accusing Gatorade and the American College of Sports Medicine of causing numerous deaths by promoting overdrinking. Hydration became yet another culture war.
Of course, hydration isn’t the only topic where runners have drawn lines in the sand. Barefoot running, low-carb diets … heck, even nasal breathing—these are all topics where people don’t just believe they’re right, they believe that those who disagree with them must be doing it wrong. One of the most interesting and controversial scientific debates I’ve written about is whether our limits are dictated by the brain or the body. It seems clear to me that both play a role, but some people insist it has to be one or the other. “It’s like Freud saying it’s all sex,” the endurance writer Matt Fitzgerald once told me. “A lot is sex, but not everything!”
So where does that leave us on hydration? Noakes’s mantra is that you should drink when you’re thirsty and not worry about anything else. As a general guiding principle, I think that’s a good place to start. The fear that you need to be constantly drinking ahead of thirst—that by the time you notice you’re thirsty it’s already too late—is based on those outdated studies that conflate thirst and dehydration. And letting yourself get temporarily thirsty, like during a relaxed one-hour run, is no big deal, as long as you’ll have an opportunity to drink when you finish. In fact, there’s even evidence that sometimes allowing yourself to get thirsty during a run could help you adjust more rapidly to hot weather.
But thirst is just a rough guide. It only works if you’re paying attention to it, and if you’re able to respond when you notice it. One reason it makes sense to drink ahead of thirst in a marathon is that, if you get thirsty between fluid stations, it may be a long time before you get another chance to drink. And even if James found that 1.6 per cent dehydration doesn’t matter, his previous work suggested that 3.0 per cent dehydration does matter. There’s a middle ground here, one that acknowledges the physiological reality of dehydration but allows a reasonable margin for error. So, by all means, keep minding your hydration, and keep flossing and writing bread-and-butter notes—but if it slips your mind now and then, don’t stress about it.
Alex Hutchinson is a Toronto journalist specializing in the science of running and other endurance sports, and the author of Endure: Mind, Body, and the Curiously Elastic Limits of Human Performance (now in paperback).
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Jakob Ingebrigtsen brought his remarkable 2026 season to a fitting close on home soil, winning the men’s street 1500m at the inaugural Runfest Norway in Sandnes on Friday.
Competing in front of an enthusiastic hometown crowd, the Olympic and world champion took control of the race from the early stages and maintained his authority through the finish, stopping the clock at 3:40.7.
Andreas Fjeld Halvorsen followed in second in 3:43.3, while Sigurd Tveit completed the podium in 3:47.8.
The unusual street race added another dimension to the occasion, with 273 runners taking part on the same road and sharing the course with one of Norway’s most accomplished distance runners. For the recreational participants, it offered a rare opportunity to compete alongside Ingebrigtsen in an event that brought elite athletics and mass participation together.
The victory also provided a fitting final chapter to a season that began with significant uncertainty for Ingebrigtsen. After undergoing major Achilles surgery in February, the Norwegian was forced to miss a substantial portion of the summer campaign as he worked his way back to full fitness.
His return, however, quickly developed into another championship-winning chapter. In Birmingham, Ingebrigtsen captured European 5,000m gold before adding another major title at the inaugural World Athletics Ultimate Championship in Budapest, where he won the 5,000m.
Those performances transformed what could have been a disrupted season into another year defined by championship success and a determined return to the highest level.
Now, with the Sandnes victory added to his 2026 record, Ingebrigtsen closes the year exactly where it began in spirit — overcoming adversity, rebuilding his form and once again competing at the front.
From Achilles surgery in February to major championship victories and finally a 1500m win before his hometown crowd, the Norwegian has given his 2026 season a memorable final scene.
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Olympic 100m hurdles champion Masai Russell has announced her engagement to longtime partner Robert “Robbie” Springfield, adding a major personal milestone to the remarkable journey of one of America’s leading track and field stars.
Russell shared the news with her followers, revealing that Springfield had proposed and that she had accepted. Reflecting on their relationship, the Olympic champion described him as her best friend and expressed her excitement about spending the rest of her life with him.
The couple’s relationship dates back to their college years at the University of Kentucky, where both were student-athletes and competed in track and field. Russell established herself as a standout hurdler, while Springfield competed in the long jump, giving them a shared understanding of the demands, sacrifices and pressures that come with pursuing success in athletics.
Springfield has since transitioned from competition into coaching. A former collegiate long jumper, he is now part of the coaching staff at Morehead State University, where he works with the programme’s sprinters and jumpers.
Their relationship has developed alongside Russell’s rise to the top of the sport. The defining moment of her career came at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, where she captured gold in the women’s 100m hurdles, securing her place among the sport’s Olympic champions.
Away from competition, Springfield has remained a familiar part of Russell’s journey, sharing in the demanding periods of training and competition that accompanied her pursuit of Olympic success. Their connection has consequently grown from a college athletics relationship into a long-term partnership.
The engagement now marks another significant chapter for Russell, this time away from the track. After reaching the pinnacle of her sporting career in Paris, the 100m hurdles champion is beginning a new phase of her personal life alongside a partner who has been part of her journey since their university days.
From competing on the same collegiate stage to building a future together, Russell and Springfield’s story has evolved alongside two careers shaped by track and field. The Olympic champion will now balance this new personal chapter with her continuing ambitions in athletics
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The women’s race at the 2026 TCS Amsterdam Marathon is shaping up to be one of the most competitive editions in recent years, with a deep international field set to take on the fast Dutch course on Sunday, October 18.
At the centre of the contest will be four Ethiopian athletes who have already broken the 2:20 barrier, creating the prospect of a fascinating battle for victory and a possible assault on the course record of 2:16:52.
Defending champion Aynalem Desta will return to Amsterdam looking to retain her title after producing the biggest performance of her career at last year’s 50th edition. Desta won in a personal best of 2:17:37, establishing herself among the leading marathoners in the field and setting the benchmark for this year’s contenders.
Standing in her way will be fellow Ethiopian Meseret Belete Tola, a former Amsterdam champion who knows exactly what it takes to succeed on the course. Belete Tola captured the 2023 edition in 2:18:21, and her return adds another layer of experience and proven quality to an already formidable lineup.
The field also includes Mestawut Fikir Truneh, who arrives with an impressive marathon pedigree. Truneh finished runner-up at the 2024 Berlin Marathon in 2:18:48, demonstrating her ability to compete at the highest level on one of the world's major marathon stages.
Completing the quartet of sub-2:20 Ethiopians is Buze Diriba, whose personal best of 2:19:34 places her firmly among the leading contenders. With four athletes possessing credentials below 2:20, the race is likely to develop into a tightly contested battle from the opening kilometres.
The depth extends well beyond the leading quartet. Desi Jisa Mokonin, representing Bahrain, Yeshi Kalayu Chekole of Ethiopia and Nazret Weldu Gebrehiwet of Eritrea have all established themselves as serious marathon competitors with performances approaching the 2:20 mark.
Another major name to watch is Abeba Aregawi, the former 1500m world champion representing Sweden. Aregawi has successfully transferred her talents to the marathon and made headlines earlier this year by setting a Swedish national record of 2:23:12 on her debut. Her presence adds another intriguing dimension to an already high-quality field.
Amsterdam’s marathon course has consistently provided an opportunity for elite athletes to produce fast times, and this year’s women’s lineup has the depth to turn the race into a genuine test of both championship racing and outright speed.
With four athletes already inside 2:20, two former Amsterdam champions returning to the start line and several other accomplished marathoners ready to challenge them, the battle is expected to remain open deep into the race.
The ultimate target will be the Amsterdam women’s course record of 2:16:52. Whether the leading contenders can threaten that mark remains to be seen, but the quality assembled for October 18 ensures that the record will be firmly in the spotlight when the race reaches its spectacular finish inside the Olympic Stadium.
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Do you want to enjoy Amsterdam in October and all that the city has to offer you? Want to feel a real athlete and start and finish in the historic Olympic stadium? Or run across the widely discussed passage under the beautiful National Museum? Then come to Amsterdam for the annual TCS Amsterdam Marathon in October! The TCS Amsterdam Marathon...
more...The 2026 Valencia Half Marathon is shaping up to be a thrilling contest of speed, endurance and tactical brilliance, with some of the world’s finest road runners set to converge in Spain on October 25.
Kenya’s Daniel Ebenyo and Alex Matata will be among the leading contenders, facing a formidable Ethiopian challenge spearheaded by Jemal Yimer and Tadese Worku. The field also features Rodrigue Kwizera, who boasts the fastest personal best among the leading entrants at 58:16.
Ebenyo arrives with a personal best of 59:04, placing him firmly among the athletes capable of sustaining a demanding pace over the 21.1-kilometre distance. Matata, who owns a 59:11 best, adds further Kenyan strength, while Andrea Kiptoo brings another sub-60-minute credential to the race.
Yimer has already established himself as one of the fastest athletes in the field with a 58:33 personal best, while Worku has clocked 58:35. Kenya’s Owen Korir, with a best of 58:58, further underlines the remarkable depth of the men's lineup.
Valencia Half Marathon 2026 Entries
1. Rodrigue Kwizera (Spain) — 58:16
2. Jemal Yimer (Ethiopia) — 58:33
3. Tadese Worku (Ethiopia) — 58:35
4. Owen Korir (Kenya) — 58:58
5. Daniel Ebenyo (Kenya) — 59:04
6. Alex Matata (Kenya) — 59:11
7. Andrea Kiptoo (Kenya) — 59:11
8. Thierry Ndikumwenayo (Spain) — 59:42
9. Said Mechaal (Spain) — 1:00:24
10. Adel Mechaal (Spain) — 1:02:30
Kwizera, who finished second in Valencia last year, leads the field on paper and will be seeking another standout performance on the famously fast Valencia course. With several athletes carrying sub-60-minute credentials, the race has the ingredients for an aggressive battle from the opening kilometres.
Beyond the headline names, the men’s field is deep and highly competitive, bringing together a strong collection of experienced international athletes with proven ability over the half-marathon distance. With so much quality packed into the lineup, the race promises an intriguing battle in which tactics, endurance, positioning and finishing speed could all play a crucial role in determining the eventual champion.
Yet personal bests will count for little once the gun goes off. The title could ultimately be decided by patience, positioning and the ability to respond when the pace begins to rise in the closing stages. Every surge, every tactical move and every second saved could prove decisive on the road to the finish.
With Kenya, Ethiopia and Spain represented by athletes of exceptional quality, Valencia promises a high-octane men's showdown in which the leaders are likely to be separated by only a handful of seconds. The final kilometres could provide the defining moments of a race packed with speed, ambition and anticipation.
On October 25, the question will be simple: who has the strength to command the streets of Valencia and claim the coveted half-marathon crown?
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The Trinidad Alfonso Valencia Half Marathon has become one of the top running events in the world. Valencia is one of the fastest half marathon in the world. The race, organized by SD Correcaminos Athletics Club, celebrated its silver anniversary in style with record participation, record crowd numbers, Silver label IAAF accreditation and an atmosphere that you will not find...
more...April 19, 1982. The Boston Marathon unfolded under unusually warm, sunny conditions, and by the closing stages, the race had become a private battle between two very different American runners: Alberto Salazar, already one of the biggest names in distance running, and Dick Beardsley, the Minnesota runner who had emerged as a serious marathon contender.
For roughly nine miles, from the Newton Hills toward the finish, Beardsley did much of the leading, with Salazar tucked close behind. Neither man could shake the other. They ran deep into Boston locked together, trading surges and refusing to surrender an inch as the crowds along the course grew louder.
Salazar finally made his decisive move with less than a mile remaining. He opened a small gap, but Beardsley refused to disappear. The Minnesota runner chased him through the final streets, closing again as they approached the finish.
Then came the final sprint.
Salazar held his form and reached the finish first in 2:08:52, with Beardsley only two seconds behind in 2:08:54. It was an extraordinary result: both men broke 2:09 in the same Boston Marathon, and both shattered the previous course record.
The race became known as the “Duel in the Sun,” and it remains one of the most celebrated head-to-head battles in Boston Marathon history. Beardsley had not won, but his performance established him as one of America's elite marathoners.
For Salazar, however, victory came at an enormous physical cost. Immediately after crossing the finish line, he collapsed and required emergency treatment, including several litres of intravenous saline. The combination of heat, dehydration and an all-out effort had pushed his body to the limit.
Salazar's marathon career would never again produce quite the same kind of performance. His celebrated 1981 New York City Marathon victory had produced what was initially considered a world record, although the course was later found to be short. His Boston triumph therefore became one of the defining victories of his career.
Beardsley's story would take an even more difficult turn. Injuries disrupted his career, and after returning to the highest level, he suffered a devastating farm accident in 1989. Further accidents, surgeries and severe physical pain followed, eventually leading to a long battle with painkiller addiction.
He eventually overcame that struggle and transformed the darkest chapters of his life into a story of recovery, resilience and redemption.
That is what makes the 1982 Boston Marathon more than a two-second victory.
For one extraordinary afternoon, Salazar and Beardsley produced a marathon duel in which neither man was willing to give way. One crossed the finish line first. The other finished only two seconds behind him.
Two seconds separated them at Boston. Decades later, their legendary duel remains one of the greatest chapters in marathon history.
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